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ANAPHY > CELLS AND ORGANELLES > Flashcards

CELLS AND ORGANELLES Flashcards

1
Q

barrier that contains cell contents and separates them from surrounding environment

A

plasma membrane

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2
Q

plasma membrane contains: 2

A

phospholipid layers

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3
Q

polar heads of phospholipid molecules are

A

hydrophilic “water loving”

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4
Q

stabilizes membrane and keeps it flexible

A

cholesterol

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5
Q

makes plasma membrane impermeable

A

hydrophobic

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6
Q

determines blood type, receptors to bacteria, viruses and cell to cell recognition

A

glycoproteins

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7
Q

(junctions) plasma membranes fuse together to prevent substances passing

A

tight junctions

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8
Q

prevent muscle and skin (mechanical stress cells)cells from being pulled apart ; connected by protein filamentss

A

desmosomes

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9
Q

junctions found in the heart and between embryonic cells

A

Gap junctions

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10
Q

connected by hollow cylinders composed of proteins calles

A

connexons

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11
Q

3 regions of nucleus

A

nuclear envelop, nucleolus & chromatin

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12
Q

sites where ribosomes are assembled

A

nucleoli

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13
Q

actual sites of protein synthesis

A

ribosome

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14
Q

loose network of beeds

A

chromatin

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15
Q

formed from chromatin threading coil

A

chromosomes

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16
Q

factory floor of cell

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

3 components of cytoplasm

A

cytosol, inclusions & organelles

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18
Q

semitransparent fluid that suspends other elements

A

cytosol

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19
Q

stored nutrients floating in cytosol

A

inclusions

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20
Q

metabolic machinery of cell

A

organelles

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21
Q

cells that use huge amounts of atp

A

liver and muscle cells

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22
Q

mini circulatory system for cells

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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23
Q

er carries substances primarily

A

proteins

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24
Q

carry substances around the cell

A

transport vesicleS

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25
Q

abundant in cells that synthesize and secrete proteins

A

Rough er

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26
Q

functions in lipid metabolism, cholesterol and phospholipid synthesis and breakdown and detoxification of drugs

A

Smooth er

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27
Q

cells that are full of smooth er

A

Liver cells

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28
Q

major function is to modify, package and ship proteins via transport vesicles

A

Golgi apparatus

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29
Q

Golgi apparatus pinches off sacs containing _ &_

A

proteins and phospholipid layers

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30
Q

contains powerful digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

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31
Q

abundant in white blood cells called phagocytes

A

lysosomes

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32
Q

contains powerful oxidase enzymes

A

peroxisomes

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33
Q

peroxisomes use ___ to detoxify harmful and poisonous substances

A

molecular oxygen (O2)

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34
Q

damages proteins and nucleic acids (reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons)

A

Free radicals

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35
Q

converts hydrogen peroxide to water

A

catalase

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36
Q

peroxisomes are numerous in

A

liver & kidney cells

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37
Q

cytoskeleton is made out of

A

microfilaments, microtubules & intermediate filaments

38
Q

cell motility and cell shape

A

microfilaments

39
Q

made of fibrous subunits; form desmosomes resist pull forces on cells

A

intermediate filaments

40
Q

subunits of protein tubulin; determines overall shape and distribution of organelles

A

microtubules

41
Q

Generates microtubules & directing formation of mitotic spindle during cell division : rodshaped bodies

A

Centriole

42
Q

move substances along cell

A

Cilia

43
Q

when centrioles multiply and line up beneath the plasma membrane it creates___

A

cilia

44
Q

ex of flagella

A

sperm

45
Q

microvilli are found on surfaces of cells active in____

A

absorption ; intestinal and kidney tubules

46
Q

Cells that connect body parts

A

Fibroblast
Erythrocyte

47
Q

Cells that cover and line body organs

A

Epithelial cell

48
Q

Cells that move organs and body parts

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle cells

49
Q

Cells that store nutrients

A

Fat cells

50
Q

Cells that fight disease

A

White blood cells

51
Q

has abundant rough er and large golgi apparatus; secrete protein building blocks

A

Fibroblasts

52
Q

hays oxygen carrying pigment

A

erythrocytes

53
Q

has abundant intermediate filaments that resist tearing when epithelium is pulled

A

epithelial cell

54
Q

macrophage extends __ to crawl through tissue to reach infection sites

A

pseudopods

55
Q

propels sperm

A

flagellum

56
Q

substances are transported across cell membrane without any energy input

A

passive process

57
Q

cells provide atp that drives transport process

A

active process

58
Q

passive process example

A

diffusion , filtration

59
Q

process where molecules move away from areas where they are numerous to areas where they are fewer

A

Diffusion

59
Q

molecules will diffuse through plasma membrane if

A

molecules are small enough, lipid soluble and assisted by membrane carrier

60
Q

unassisted diffusion

A

simple diffusion

61
Q

‘simple diffusion solutes (lipid soluble) example

A

fats, fat soluble vitamins, oxygen and carbon oxygen

62
Q

Diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane is called

A

osmosis

63
Q

these substance uses facilitated diffusion

A

glucose

64
Q

provides passage for substances that are too large

A

Facilitated diffusion

65
Q

facilitated diffusion uses ___ that acts as carriers to move glucose or other membranes without requiring atp

A

membrane protein

66
Q

process where hydrostatic pressure is used through a membrane

A

Filtration

67
Q

2 most important active processes

A

Active & Vesicular Transport

68
Q

active transport is also called

A

solute pumping

69
Q

Requires protein carriers & uses atp to energize protein carriers / solute pumps

A

Active transport

70
Q

amino acids, sugars, ions are transported by

A

solute pumps

71
Q

process is necessary for normal transmission of nerve impulse

A

Sodium potassium pump

72
Q

fuses or separate membrane vesicles into or out of cells (uses atp)

A

Vesicular Transport

73
Q

2 types of vesicular transport

A

Exocytosis and Endocytosis

74
Q

mechanism cells use to secrete hormones, mucus to eject cellular waste

A

exocytosis

75
Q

includes atp requiring processes that take up extracellular substances by enclosing them in a vesicle

A

endocytosis

76
Q

cell eating; protect body from bacteria

A

Phagocytosis

77
Q

cell drinking; cell gulps fluid

A

Pinocytosis

78
Q

important in cells that functions as absorption

A

Pinocytosis

79
Q

where cell grows & carries its metabolic activities; metabolic phase; long phase; cell is active

A

Interphase

80
Q

Occurs towards the end of interphase

A

DNA replication

81
Q

division of nucleus

A

Mitosis

81
Q

division of cytoplasm ; begins when mitosis is nearly completed

A

Cytokinesis

81
Q

when chromatin threads coil for chromosomes to be visible

A

Prophase

82
Q

by the end of prophase, the ____&____ are broken down

A

nuclear envelope and nucleoli

83
Q

chromosomes line up at the center of the spindle midway; straight line of chromosomes is seen

A

Metaphase

84
Q

Centromeres split; chromosomes split apart

A

Anaphase

85
Q

Uncoiling to become chromatid again

A

Telophase

86
Q

DNA segment carries info for 1 protein

A

Gene

87
Q

when mrna is made using the info of dna

A

Transcription

88
Q

info carried by mRNA molecules is decoded and translated from nucleic acids to proteins

A

Translation

89
Q

Conrad is in a relationship with

A

SOFIA BIANCE BALANDRA MY ONE AND ONLY BUBBLES;»»

ANAPHY (26 decks)

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