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Cellular Respiración Flashcards

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1
Q

Steps in order of cellular respiración (5)

A

Glycolysis, intermediate step, Krebs / Citric Acid cycle, Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis

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2
Q

What is the net yield of Glycolysis

A

2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

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3
Q

Which step in cellular respiración doesn’t require oxygen?

A

Glycolysis

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4
Q

Describe the various components of the formula: C6H12O6 + O6 —-> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

A

Glucose + 6 oxygens Makes 6 Carbon dioxide + 6 Waters + ATP

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5
Q

Describe the intermediate Step in Cellular respiración

Where does it take place?

What are the outputs

A

Pyruvates are transported to the Mitochondrial Matrix where they are converted to Acetyl CoA

Out puts: Co2 & 2 NADH

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6
Q

Where does the Krebs / Citric Acid cycle take place?

Does it need oxygen?

Inputs & Outputs

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

Yes

Acetyl CoA

2ATP, 6NADH , 2FADH ²

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7
Q

Electron Transport Chain

Where:

Describe basic process

A

Mitochondrial membrane

Electrons transfered from Coenzymes create a proton gradient

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8
Q

Chemiosmosis

Describe basis

A

Protons travel down the chemical gradient to produce ATP

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9
Q

Fluid area in the mitochondria

A

Matrix

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10
Q

The folds inside of the mitochondria

A

Cristea

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11
Q

Name coenzymes used in cell resp.

A

NAD+ & FAD

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12
Q

4 phases of cell respiración

A

Glycolysis, Prep Reaction, Citric Acid cycle, ETC

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13
Q

Which phase of cell respiration can be Anaerobic

A

Glycolysis

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14
Q

The break down if glucose to 2 pyruvates

A

Glycolysis

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15
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

What is the step between glycolysis and citric acid cycle

A

Prep reaction

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17
Q

During the phase both molecules of pyruvates are oxidez and enter the matrix if the mitochondria

A

Prep reaction

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18
Q

2 Co2 are relased during this cycle and NADH is formed

A

Prep Reaction

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19
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

A

Matrix if mitochondria

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20
Q

NADH & FADH² are formed during this phase

A

Citric Acid cycle

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21
Q

How many carbons are released during the Citric Acid Cycle

A

4

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22
Q

ATP produced from Citric Acid cycle

A

2

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23
Q

A series of carriers in the cristae of the mitochondria

A

ETC

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24
Q

Where does the ETC get the electrons

A

NADH FADH²

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25
ETC passes electrons from ____ to _____ emergy states
High to low
26
ETC produces how many ATP
32 - 34
27
ATP in the ETC is formed by which process
Chemiosmosis
28
Glycolysis takes glycose and transforms it to
Pyruvate
29
Glycolysis input
2 ATPs 2 NAD+
30
How are ATP produced in Glycolysis, name of the process
Substrate-level phosphorlyation
31
Output of Glycolysis
4 ATP (Net 2 ) 2 NADH
32
Where does Anaerobic Respiration take place?
Cytoplasm
33
Oxidation is the ____ of electrons and reduction is the ____ of electrons
Loss / Gain
34
NAD+ is called a redox enzyme because it:
Can both accept (oxidize) and give (reduce) electrons to an element.
35
What is NADH the result of?
NAD+ Accepting 2 electrons and a Hydrogen ion
36
What is the job of FAD?
Similar to NAD+ it can oxidize and reduce a metabolite.
37
When FAD accepts 2 electrons and 2 hydrogen ions (H+) it becomes
FADH ²
38
Explain fermentation role in NAD+ regeneration
During fermentation, the NADH produced in Glycolysis is oxidized to NAD+ as pyruvate is reduced to lactate
39
2 forms of fermentation and their products
Animals and Bacteria produce Lactate from Pyruvates. Plants or Yeast alcohol is produced from Pyruvates
40
Advantages and disadvantages of Fermentation
Advantage: Production of certain foods, alcohol, and industrial chemicals. Source of rapid burst of energy with lack of oxygen Disadvantages: Low ATP yield
41
Why is it called the preparatory cycle?
It prepares the pyruvates from glycolysis to enter the Kerbs cycle.
42
In the prepatory reaction C3 pyruvate is converted into what? What is given off?
C2 acetyl group Co2
43
In the reaction from C3 pyruvate to C2 Acetyl Group _____ are removed from the pyruvate by ____ and _____ is formed What kind of a reaction is this?
Electrons, NAD+ , NADH Oxidation
44
What is the C2 Acetyl Group combined with to carry it to the _______ _______?
C2 is combined with CoA Mitochondrial Matrix
45
Where do the NADH carry electrons?
ETC
46
At the start of the Citric Acid cycle the C2 acetyl group carried by _____ joins with C4 and a C6 _____ molecule results
CoA / Citrate
47
What happens in substrate level ATP synthesis
An enzyme passes phosphate to ADP forming ATP
48
During cellular respiration how many Co2 are produced From which cycles and how many Why is this number of Carbon dioxide produces
6 2 during Prep Reaction, 4 during Citric Acid cycle Reason: Glucose has 6 carbons which are broken down
49
Which Electron Carriers are produced in the Citric Acid Cycle? From which Coenzymes do they come from?
NADH & FADH² NAD+ & FAD
50
During the prepatory reaction, a 3 carbon molecule called ______ is converted in to ________
Pyruvate/ acetyl-CoA
51
Inputs of fermentation
Glucose, 2 Phosphate Groups, 2 ADP
52
Is glucose Oxidized OR Reduced during cellular respiration?
Oxidized
53
End products in prep reaction
Co² & acetyl CoA
54
Which carriers bring electrons ETC?
NADH & FADH²
55
The final electron carrier at the end of ETC is :
Oxygen
56
Are NADH & FADH² inputs to the Citric Acid Cycle
No they are outputs NAD & FAD are inputs
57
Outputs of the Citric Acid Cycle
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH², 4CO²
58
Inputs to Glycolysis
Glucose, ADP, NAD+
59
Products of Glycolysis
Pyruvate, NADH, ATP
60
During which phases of cellular respiration is Co2 produced
Citric acid cycle & Prep Reaction
61
Does Glycolysis require Oxygen
No
62
What is Pyruvate converted to in the Prep Reaction
2-carbon acetyl group
63
The 2 carbon acetyl group attaches to _____ to form ______ in the prep cycle
Coenzyme A / Acetyl CoA
64
When is the 1st time we produce Carbon Dioxide in Cell Respiration
Prep Reaction
65
4 carbon molecule that binds to the 2-Carbon acetyl group
Oxaloacetate
66
In Citric acid cycel ATP is formed by ( which kind of synthesis)
Substrate level phosphorylation
67
Products from the Kerbs cycle, per glucose molecule
4 Co2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH²
68
Name of the Process through which the ETC creates ATP
Oxidative phosphorlation aka chemiosmosis
69
Every NADH creates ___ ATP
3
70
FADH² creates ____ ATP in the ETC
2
71
Development requires 3 interconnected processes.
Growth, Cellular Differentiation, Morphogenesis
72
Produces the shape and form of the body
Morphogenesis

Biology (27 decks)

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