Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > DNA technology > Flashcards

DNA technology Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Contains DNA from 2 or more sources

A

Recombinant DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Requirements for recombinant DNA (rDAN)

A

Vector ( introduces disease)

Plasmids (small accessory rings of DNA from bacteria)

2 enzymes

Restriction enzyme ( Cleaves DNA)

DNA ligase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Copies a targeted sequence of DNA

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which DNA technology is used for paternity suits, rape cases, corpses ID

A

PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Targeting of specific sequence of DNA for removal or replacement

A

Genome Editing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CRISPR clustered regularly interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

Is used for what?

A

Genome editing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Difference between GMO and Transgenic

A

GMO has an artificially altered genome

Transgenic organism is a GMO that has an altered genome containing a DNA sequence or gene from a different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gene can be inserted into eggs of animals via

A

Microinjection

Vortex Mixing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Use if transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceuticals

A

Gene Pharming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Small accessory rings of DNA from bacteria

A

Plasmids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Process of determining order of nucleotides

A

DNA sequencing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Genetic engineering which DNA is inserted, deleted, modified, replaced.

A

Genome editing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lab tech used to amplify DNA sequences

A

PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Process in which RNA molecules supress “Sequence Specific Gene Expression “ by double stranded RNA, through Translational or Transcriptional repression

A

RNA interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A gene ______ is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA

A

Mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

These changes in bases can affect ______ production, Protein Activity, or have no effect on Protein production or Activity at all

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Germline mutations are those that occur in _____ cells and ______ be passed in to future generations.

A

Sex , can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_____ ______ include changes in 1 base of a segment of DNA

A

Point mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An example of a disorder caused by a _____ ______ is sickel-cell anemia

A

Point mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An example of a disorder caused by a _______ _______ is cystic fibrosis

A

Frame shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Transcription Factors are used in Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes?

What do they do?

When do they do it?

A

Eukaryotes

Determine the amount of genes that will be transcribed into mRNA

Either by promotion or repression

During Transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This phase in Eukaryotic Gene Expression involves the control of mRNA processing and how fast mRNA leaves the nucleus

  • Better Card
A

Posttranscriptional Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This part of Eukaryotic Gene Expression occurs in the cytoplasm and determines when translation will occur and for how long?

A

Translational Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This part in Eukaryotic Cell Division takes place in the plasma and occurs only after protein synthesis

A

Posttranslational Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Simply put what is a barr body and where is it located.
Shriveled Inactive X chromosome in all somatic female cells.
26
Which process involves the creation of barr bodies. Why do barr bodies exist?
X-inactivation To equalize the number of X chromosome expression between Males and Females (XY determination of sex)
27
How are X chromosomes selected for conversion into barr bodies.
Counting the XIC (X-Inactivation Center) One is Randomly chose (This doesn't make sense)
28
Proteins that help regulate transcription by assisting the binding of the RNA polymerase to the promoter
Transcription Factors
29
Even if all transcription factors are present, transcription may not begin without the assistance of a DNA binding protein calles a _______ _________
Transcription Activator
30
Transcription of DNA may lead to _____ _______ ___ also called dsRNA
Looped or double stranded
31
The cleavage of dsRNA produces many _____ ______ also called sRNA
Small RNA
32
A sRNA can double back to increase DNA compaction, or it may become ______ or _______
miRNA or siRNA
33
________ reduces translation by binding to complementary mRNA molecules
miRNA
34
______ forms a complex with RISC, which then degrades any mRNA with a sequence of bases that are complementary to the siRNA
siRNA
35
siRNA is also known as...
Small-Interfering RNAs
36
RISC stands for... What do they do? How do they do it?
RNA Induced Silencing Complex Join with siRNA to form an active silencing complex.
37
What is miRNA?
microRNA small snippets of RNA that can bind to and disable the translation of mRNA in the cytoplasm.
38
A cellular process that utilizes miRNA and siRNA molecules to reduce or inhibit the expression of specific genes
RNA interference
39
When does RNA interference occur where?
After transcription
40
Proteins sticking to eachother that may form a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimers, Parkinson, and mad cow disease
Aggregates
41
How long a cell remains active in a cell is regulated by this enzyme
Protease
42
Where are Proteases typically confined?
Lysosomes or Proteasomes
43
How do Proteasomes regulate gene expression
Control the amount of protein product in the cytoplasm. Break down protein into amino acids to be used again.
44
In which type of regulation are small RNA and Proteasomes found in?
siRNA= Post Transcriptional Regulation Proteasomes = Post Translation Regulation
45
Germ-line mutations are those found in which type of cells
Sex cells
46
Induced mutations are caused by
Mutagens
47
DNA repair enzyme
Restore the original base sequence in an altered DNA strand
48
Proteome
Entire collection of a species proteins
49
Study of structure, function, and interaction of cellular proteins
Proteomics
50
2 methods for making copies of DNA?
Recombinant DNA Polymerase chain reaction
51
Analysis of DNA segments is called?
Gel electrophoresis
52
DNA fingerprinting can be accomplished by taking advantage of ____________ sequences present in the genome of all organisms
Short Tandem Repeat
53
About 50% of the DNA consists of this type of DNA elements
Repetive DNA
54
Mobile DNA sequences are called:
Transposons
55
Aims to understand the function of protein-coding regions and noncoding regions of our genome
Functional genomics
56
_______ can be used to create an individuals genetic profile?
DNA microarrays
57
The use of computers to analyze large amounts of genetic data
Bioinformatics
58
Define: Extant
Still living species
59
Belief, supported by James Hutton, that geological forces act at a continuous, uniform rate
Uniformitarianism
60
Put forth by Cuvier, proposed changes in the types of fossils in strata are explained by local mass extinction followed by new species repopulating the area
Catastrophism
61
Time line of Evolution's creators ``` 1707-1778 1731-1802 1769- 1832 1744-1829 1797-1875 1859 ```
``` Linnaeus (classification) Erasmus Darwin (First theory of Evolution) Cuvier (Catastrophism) Lamarck (acquired characteristics Luella (uniformitarianism) Chales Darwin (on orgin of species) ```

Biology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions