Mendlian Genetics Flashcards
(61 cards)
The female and male part of the plants are called:
Female: Carpel
Male: Stamen
Gregors 2 laws
Law of Segregation
Law of independent assortment
Law of Segregation states: 4
Each individual has 2 factors for each trait
The factors segregate during the formation of the gametes
Each gamete contains only 1 factor from each pair of factors
Fertilization gives each new individual 2 factors for each trait
State law of Segregation in easy terms
Alleles segregate randomly into gamates
The physical location of a gene is called
Locus
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype
Genotype is represented by TT or tt or any combination
Phenotype is the physical appearance
Dihybrid cross
Cross between parents that differ in 2 traits
Law of independent assortment in easy language
The alleles a gamate recieves for one gene doesn’t influence the allele recieved by another gene
A dihybrid cross gives the ratio of 9:3:3:1
What do these numbers represent
9: Two dominate phenotypes together
3: Dominate phenotype with a hidden recessive
1: Double recessive phenotype
Cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype and an individual with a recessive phenotype to determine whether the dominant individual is homozygous or heterozygous
Testcross
Autosomal Recessive Means:
Give an example
Needs to disease genes to Express the Disease
Cystic Fibrosis
Autosomal Dominate Means:
Example
Needs only 1 disease gene to Express Disease
Huntington’s disease
A carrier of an Autosomal Recessive disease is what?
Someone who carries only 1 copy of the diseased gene
Therefore, they don’t have the disease but can pass it on to off sping
A _____ shows the pattern of inheritance for a particular condition
Pedigree
Cystic fibrosis: Define, causes
Lethal generic disorder which thickens mucus in the Lungs and Pancreas;
The thick mucus in the Pancreas stops digestive enzymes from being released
What physiologically causes the symptoms of cystic fibrosis
Why does this cause the symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis
Defective Chloride Ion Channel
When Chloride can’t pass neither can sodium, hence water can’t follow, causing the mucus to be thick
Is cystic fibrosis autosomal Recessive or Dominate
Recessive
Phenylketonuria: Define
What do these people lack and what is the effect of this
Autosomal Recessive metabolic disorder affecting nervous system development
Lacking enzyme needed to metabolize amino acids phenylalanine
Causes sever brain and nervous system problems
3 autosomal dominate disorders
Osteogenisis imperfecta
Huntington’s disease
Hereditary Sperocytosis
Define Huntington’s Disease:
How is it contracted
What happens to the body during this
Autosomal Dominate Disorder
Neurological Disorder leading to the progressive degeneration of brain cells
The cause of the degeneration of brain cells is: Mutation on chromosome 4 which causes large clumps of Glutamines to form inside of neurons, Attracting other proteins as well
What is Hereditary Spherocytosis
Autosomal Dominate genetic blood disorder that causes Red Blood Cells to become Spherical rather than disc shapped. Causing them to rupture easier
Inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed in a hetrozygote
Codominamce
Incomplete Dominance
Example
How does it differ from the blending theory of inheritance
Inheritance pattern in which offspring has an intermediate phenotype
Red flowers and white flowers = Pink flowers
Because the offspring still has the original alleles which will be expressed in future generations
Dominate alleles that are not always or partially expressed
Incomplete Penetrance
