Chptr 5 Membrane Strucute and Function

Question 1

Components of the plasma membrane

Answer 1

Phospholipid bilayer, Protein Molecules, Cholestrol

Question 2

What does cholesterol do in the plasma membrane

Answer 2

Modify thr fluidity of the membrane over a range of temperatures

Question 3

The heads of the bilayer are hydrophobic or hydrophilic

Answer 3

Hydrophilic

Question 4

The tails of the plasma membrane are hydrophobic or hydrophilic

Answer 4

Hydrophobic

Question 5

What is attached to the heads of the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

Carbohydrate Chains

Question 6

What is attached to the tails of the plasma membrane?

Answer 6

Cytoskeleton Filaments by membrane proteins

Question 7

A molecule that contains both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region is called?

Answer 7

Amphipathic

Question 8

Ways to study the surface of membrane proteins . (2)

Answer 8

Electron Micrograph & freeze-fracture

Method which spilts the membrane into an upper and lower layer by freezing.

Question 9

Define: Integral & Peripheral Proteins

Answer 9

Integral embedded into the membrane

Peripheral occur only on the cytoplasmtic side of the membrane

Question 10

Phospholipids have an attached carbohydrate chains are called:

Answer 10

Glycolipids

Question 11

Phosphoproteins that have an attached carbohydrate chain is called:

Answer 11

Glycoprotein

Question 12

Glycocalyx

Answer 12

Carbohydrate chains attached to giving the cell a “sugar coat” this provides protection, cell - cell ahdesion, reception of signaling molecules, cell - cell recognition.

Question 13

Allows particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane freely.

Answer 13

Channel Protein

Question 14

Selectively interacts with specific molecules or ions so that it can cross the membrane plasma.

Answer 14

Carrier Protein

Question 15

The major MHC ( Major Histocompatibility Complex) These glycoproteins are different in each person and responsible for rejection after surgery

Answer 15

Cell recognition

Question 16

Shaped in such a way that specific molecules bind with them.

Answer 16

Receptor Protein

Question 17

Which connections hold a membrane protein in place.

Answer 17

ECM extra cellular matrix

Cytoskeleton

Question 18

What gives cells unquie identification?

Answer 18

Carbohydrate chains

Question 19

What is the basis for the blood groups

Answer 19

Carbohydrate chains

Question 20

These membrane proteins catalyze a specific reaction

Answer 20

Enzymatic proteins

Question 21

Join cells so that tissue can fulfill a function

Answer 21

Junction Proteins

Question 22

These protiens recieve a substance and change their shape, this change moves the substance across the membrane.

Answer 22

Carrier Protein

Question 23

Are glycoproteins, one function is to recognize when the body is being invaded

Answer 23

Cell recognition proteins

Question 24

Have a shape that allows only a specific molecules to bind to it.

Answer 24

Receptor Proteins

Question 25

These protiens carry out metabolic reactions directly

Answer 25

Enzymatic Proteins

Question 26

3 steps in Cell Signaling

Answer 26

1. Receptor: Binds to signaling molecule, activated and initiates 2. Transduction pathway: Series of relay proteins that ends when protein is activated 3. Response: Targeted protiens bring about a cellular response.

Question 27

Which type of substances can pass through the bi layer without energy, Why?

Answer 27

Hydrophobic, because they are similar to the center of the layer

Question 28

Which type of molecules expend energy to cross the bilayer?

Answer 28

Hydrophilic

Question 29

Passage of molecules into and out of the Cell | Diffusion: Concentration gradient, Requirement to Pass, Example

Answer 29

Towards lower, Concentration Gradient, Lipid-Soluble Molecules & Gases

Question 30

Passage of Molecules into and out of the Cell | Facilitated Transport: Direction, Requirement, Example

Answer 30

Toward lower concentration, Channel or Carrier and Concentration Gradient, Some sugars & Amino acids

Question 31

Passage of Molecules into and out of the Cell | Active Transport: Direction, Requirement, Example

Answer 31

Towards higher concentration, Carrier plus energy, Sugars / Amino Acids / Ions

Question 32

Passage of Molecules into and out of the Cell | Bulk Transport: Direction, Requirement, Example

Answer 32

Toward outside or inside, Vescile utilization, Macromolecules

Question 33

Why can water pass through the cell so easily

Answer 33

Aquaporins

Question 34

Diffusion

Answer 34

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient

Question 35

A solution contains both a _____ and a ______

Answer 35

Solute and a solvent

Question 36

Relative solute concentration of 2 environments separated by a semi permeable layer

Answer 36

Tonicity

Question 37

If a solution is hypotonic to a cell what happens to the cell. What if the solution is hyoertonic

Answer 37

Hypo water goes in | Hyper water goes out

Question 38

What is the tonicity for an IV?

Answer 38

0.9 NaCl

Question 39

What is the bursting of a cell called

Answer 39

Lysis

Question 40

A plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution what will happen

Answer 40

Vacuoles fill with water turgor pressure developes, chloroplasts are seen next to the cell wall.

Question 41

The process in which a cell shrivels

Answer 41

Crenation

Question 42

The process of water leaving a plant cell is called

Answer 42

Plasmolysis

Question 43

The term _____ refers to a cell that has been exploded due to osmotic pressure.

Answer 43

Cytolysis

Question 44

_____ is the term used to describe cytolysis in red blood cells.

Answer 44

Hemolysis

Question 45

_____ is determined by the water content of the vacuole

Answer 45

Turgor Pressure

Question 46

Why do plants wilt?

Answer 46

Lack of Turgor Pressure to keep the plant erect

Question 47

Solution that causes a cell to shrivel is

Answer 47

Hypertonic

Question 48

A solution that causes a cell to take in water is

Answer 48

Hypotonic

Question 49

What kind of transport are Carrier Proteins responsible for?

Answer 49

Facilitated and active transport

Question 50

Use of a plasma membrane carrier protein to move a molecule or an ion from a region of lower concentration to one of higher Requires Energy

Answer 50

Active transport

Question 51

In the sodium potassium pump which is moved outside the cell? Which is moved inside

Answer 51

Sodium Na+ outside | Potassium K+ inside

Question 52

How do large molecules, protiens, polysaccharides, or nucleic acids enter or exit the cell?

Answer 52

Membrane vesicles

Question 53

Substances exit the cell via | Substances enter the cell via

Answer 53

Extcytosis | Endocytosis

Question 54

3 types of endocytosis

Answer 54

Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Receptor mediated

Question 55

What is a secretory vesicle?

Answer 55

Used in exocytosis to expell large molecules out of the cell

Question 56

What are secreted during exocytosis

Answer 56

Hormones, neurotransmitters, digestive enzymes

Question 57

When an endocytic vesicle fuses with a lysome, what occurs

Answer 57

Digestion

Question 58

Two types of passive transport

Answer 58

Diffusion and osmosis

Question 59

Does facilitated transport require energy

Answer 59

No

Question 60

What kind of proteins help in facilitied difuson

Answer 60

Channel or carrier

Question 61

Facilitated trasnport moves how long the concentration gradiente

Answer 61

From low to high