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bio 141 Q1 > ch. 1-3 > Flashcards

ch. 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

emergent properties:

A

things you cannot predict by looking at pieces

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2
Q

reductionism

A

breaks complex systems down into parts

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3
Q

holism

A

Some things you cannot learn by looking at pieces; the whole is more than the sum of its parts

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4
Q

structure and ____ are closely connected

A

function

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5
Q

instruction for life is stored in

A

DNA

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6
Q

section of DNA is called

A

a gene

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7
Q

____ and passed between generations and interact to create physical traits

A

genes

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8
Q

energy creates ____ due to inefficiency

A

heat

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9
Q

levels of interactions in biology

A

atoms, molecules, cells, organs, organisms, ecosystems, landscapes

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10
Q

_____ explains unity and diversity

A

evolution

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11
Q

although life shares the same traits (DNA, Cells) there is diversity in…

A

the way you can arrange the cells

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12
Q

natural selection explains unity or diversity?

A

diversity

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13
Q

empirical evidence is based on

A

observations

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14
Q

sciences uses ________ to answer questions

A

empirical evidence

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15
Q

a hypothesis must be:

A
  1. testable
  2. falsifiable
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16
Q

hypothesis is used to make…

A

predictions

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17
Q

a hypothesis can be proven (T or F)

A

false: it can never be proven, only supported

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18
Q

controlled variable

A

kept the same in all parts of the study

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19
Q

how to make it easier to determine which variables are important?

A

control as many variables as possible

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20
Q

independent variable

A

what we change

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21
Q

dependent variable

A

what we measure (depends on how we change the IV)

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22
Q

experimental studies are conducted in ___ environments?

A

controlled

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23
Q

control group

A

subjects are not exposed to experimental treatment

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24
Q

experimental group

A

everything is same as control except experimental variable

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25
Q

scientific method

A

Observation – question – hypothesis- prediction – experiment – analyze – either report or redo

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26
Q

scientific theory

A

well supported idea of how the natural world works

27
Q

can we prove a theory wrong?

A

no

28
Q

a theory must be

A

falsifiable

29
Q

weight of protons and neutrons

A

1 amu

30
Q

atomic number is the number of

A

protons

31
Q

isotopes have the same number of ____ but different _____

A

protons, neutrons

32
Q

higher orbitals =

A

higher energy

33
Q

atoms want to have a full….

A

valence shell

34
Q

electrons ___ energy when moving away from the nucleus and ____ energy while moving toward the nucleus

A

gain, lose

35
Q

electrons can gain/lose a fixed amount of energy; the minimum fixed amount is called a ______.

A

quantum

36
Q

ionic bonds involve the ____ of electrons

A

transfer

37
Q

in ionic bonds, are atoms physically bonded?

A

no

38
Q

ionic compounds are AKA

A

salts

39
Q

covalent bonds involve the ___ of electrons

A

sharing

40
Q

in covalent bonds, are atoms physically bonded?

A

yes

41
Q

in a double bond, how many electrons are shared ?

A

4

42
Q

chemical reactions happen when

A

we change bonds (add, remove, change)

43
Q

chemical equilibrium

A

reactions to products is same rate as products to reactants

44
Q

why do bonds matter?

A

they store energy

45
Q

electronegativity

A

how hard atoms pull electrons

46
Q

polar covalent bonds have…

A

Partial (-) on strong EN
Partial (+) on weak EN

47
Q

hydrogen bonds are permanent or temporary?

A

temporary

48
Q

how does a hydrogen bond work in a water molecule?

A

the partial + on hydrogen is attracted to the partial - on oxygen

49
Q

emergent properties of water: cohesion

A

h20 molecules stick together since they are attracted to eachother

50
Q

emergent properties of water: adhesion

A

water clings to other things (capillary action)

51
Q

higher heat =

A

higher molecule movement

52
Q

calorie (lowercase)

A

energy to raise 1g of water 1 degree celsius warmer

53
Q

emergent properties of water: specific heat

A

water has a high specific heat since hydrogen bonds resist movement of water molecules

54
Q

specific heat

A

amount of energy gained/lost by a molecule to change 1g by 1 degree celsius

55
Q

emergent properties of water: heat of vaporization

A

water has a high heat of vaporization since hydrogen bonds and surface tension make it hard fo water to escape

56
Q

what does water do when it evaporates?

A

carries away heat

57
Q

heat of vaporization

A

heat needed to evaporate 1g of liquid

58
Q

emergent properties of water: floating ice

A

ice is less dense than liquid water since hydrogen bonds push water molecules apart as they freeze

59
Q

emergent properties of water: water is a good solvent

A

the partial charges in water makes it easy to connect to other things with partial charges

60
Q

hydrophilic

A

dissolves in water and easily interacts with other hydrophillic compounds

61
Q

hydrophobic

A

does not dissolve in water; no charges; interacts with other hydrophobic compounds

62
Q

pH measures the presence of ___ ions

A

H+

63
Q

a change of 1 pH unit =

A

10x change in acidity

64
Q

pH buffers

A

reduces change in pH

bio 141 Q1 (22 decks)

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