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Microbiology 1113 > CH 1 > Flashcards

CH 1 Flashcards

1
Q

First observes microorganisms

A

Anton van Leewenhoek

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2
Q

classifies all organisms into three domains

A

Carl Woese

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3
Q

Introduces vaccination for smallpox

A

Edward Jenner

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4
Q

demonstrated presence of maggots in putrefying meat does not result from spontaneous generation.

A

Francesco Redi

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5
Q

A Hungarian physician now known as an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures.

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

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6
Q

Early Experiments. supported the idea of spontaneous generation while those of Lazzaro Spallazani did not.

A

John Needham

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7
Q

His experiments of disproved spontaneous generation and supported what is now known as the theory of biogenesis

A

Louis Pasteur

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8
Q

Challenged the ‘vital forces’ by series of clever experiments, used sugar and yeast, demonstrated that air contains microorganisms.

A

Louis Pasteur

(Same guy)

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9
Q

Found microscopical mushrooms, is English Microscopist

A

Robert Hooke

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10
Q

demonstrates that a bacterium causes anthrax and introduces pure culture techniques.

A

Robert Koch

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11
Q

His experiments showed that some microbial forms are not killed by boiling.

A

John Tyndall

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12
Q

These scientists discovered endospores, the heat-resistant forms of some bacteria.

A

John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn

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13
Q

This scientist was credited with identifying cells as units in which living things are made of.

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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14
Q

We credit as the first to see living things (animalcules) with a microscope.

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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15
Q

Relating to or involved in the process of sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.

A

photosynthetic

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16
Q

Microorganisms that are photosynthetic eukaryotes, single-celled or multicellular.

A

Algae

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17
Q

Microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size with different molecular organization.

(image by Frank Fox)

A

archaebacteria

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18
Q

arkhaios

A

Archaea

(greek for

‘primitive’)

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19
Q

Orginisms that do cell contain peptidoglycan

A

Archaea

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20
Q

A substance that makes cell walls stronger.

A

peptidoglycan

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21
Q

The singular form of Bacteria.

A

bacterium

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22
Q

Places of bacteria are present.

A

Everywhere

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23
Q

These orginsims are single-celled, prokaryotes that have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.

A

Bacteria

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24
Q

Any process where microorganisms reduce the pollution in an environment.

A

biodegradation

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25
The process of degrading materials by microorganisms, common in environmental pollutants.
bioremediation
26
The synthesis (production) of living things by living things.
biogenesis
27
The use of living systems and organisms that develop or create products.
Biotechnology
28
Bread, wine, beer, cheeses, degrading toxic pollutants and synthesis of products are examples which study?
Biotechnology
29
These members of the microbial world are **not composed of cells** and are said to be?
non-living
30
This type of condition is caused by pathogens and microorganisms.
chronic diseases
31
All living organisms are classified into how many domains?
3
32
\_\_\_\_\_, Bacteria and Eukarya are the three domains of organisms.
Archaea | (think A.B.E)
33
Archaea, _____ and Eukarya are the three domains of organisms.
Bacteria | (think A.B.E)
34
Archaea, Bacteria and _____ are the three domains of organisms.
Eukarya | (think A.B.E)
35
The highest level of biological classification.
Domain
36
An infectious disease that has increased within the past 35 years.
emerging infectious diseases
37
More needs to be done to prevent emerging infectious diseases, some of which are new or newly recognized.
emerging infectious diseases
38
A cell that is dormant and very resistant, produced by Bacillus and Clostridium species.
endospores
39
These forms of bacteria are heat resistant, discovered by Tyndall.
endospores
40
A type of organism classified by **one or more eukaryotic cells**.
Eukarya
41
A cell type classified by a membrane-bound (organelles) nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cell
42
A eukaryotic organism type, classified as unicellular or multicellular, contain chitin in the cell wall and are heterotrophs.
Fungi
43
A type of substance classified by polysaccharides and forming major constituents of anthropoids and cell walls of fungi.
chitin
44
A type of organism that cannot manufacture its own food.
heterotrophs
45
A principle taxonomic category between the ranges of species and family, denoted by a capital latin name.
genus
46
A principle derived from discoveries that lead to the suggestion that microorganisms cause certain diseases.
Germ Theory of Disease
47
An era started by scientists challenging and disapproving spontaneous generation.
Golden Age of Microbiology
48
A eukaryotic orginism classified by the formation of different types of cells, microscopic, a worm.
helminth
49
The measurement unit that best defines microbes, not commonly used in common life.
micro
50
A microscopic organism which exists as unicellular or multicellular.
Microbe
51
A type of equipment that allowed discovery of the world of microbes.
microscope
52
These class of organisms is classified by small size.
microbes
53
The use of organism (non-human) for understanding particular phenomena.
model organisms
54
This type of class of organism makes a phenomenal model organism due to growth, genetics and metabolic.
Microorganisms
55
Types of organisms classified as containing many cells and the cells also differentiate to form tissue.
Multicellular
56
A type of organism that can be multicellular and has different types of cells that form a stalk that is spore-bearing.
mushroom
57
A type of system for names, terms or rules for forming terms. Also denotes a genus and epithet.
nomenclature
58
Certain microorganisms that play essential roles in the host and do not cause disease.
normal microbiota
59
A parasitic worm classified by living at the expense of the host.
Parasitic helminths
60
Types of microorganism responsible for causing disease in the host.
Pathogens
61
In one of the two forms to prevent and treat disease, the body’s immunity is increased to prevent disease.
Vaccinations
62
In one of the two forms to prevent and treat disease, antimicrobial drugs are used in prevention of bacterial infections.
Antibiotics
63
Bacteria contain a substance in their cell walls that cause rigidness.
peptidoglycan
64
A type of infectious agent that is classified as one misfolded version of a normal cellular protein.
Prion
65
Bacteria and Archaea are?
prokaryotic
66
These types of cells are the smallest cells and generally smaller than Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic
67
A well-substantiated explanation supported by a vast body of experimental evidence.
scientific theory
68
An infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, killing upwards to 10 million people.
Small pox
69
When was Small Pox, the infectious disease eliminated ?
1977
70
The largest group of organisms with fertile offspring, written in italics or underlined.
species
71
A supposed production of living organisms from nonliving matter.
spontaneous generation
72
Spontaneous generation was highly challenged by who in the seventeenth century?
Francesco Redi
73
A genetic variation or subtype of microorganism.
strains
74
A type of organism known as a single-celled organism, where all the cells are the same.
unicellular
75
A type of infectious entity that is smaller than a virus, consist of only nucleic acid (short RNA) without protein coat.
Viroids
76
A type of infection agent classified by a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA, not both) in a protein coat, not cellular or truly living.
Viruses
77
A type of infection agent known for only multiplying in invaded living cells.
Viruses
78
Viruses, infectious agents are smaller than any cell and require this type of microscope to be seen.
electron microscope
79
A type of microscopic fungus classified as single oval cells that reproduce by budding and converts sugar into alcohol and CO2.
yeast
80
How long has the microscopic fungus yeast been used in bread making?
4,000 years
81
The scientific method includes (1) _____ 2) hypothesis (3) control (4) communicating
obervation
82
The scientific method includes (1) obervation 2) _____ (3) control (4) communicating
hypothesis
83
The scientific method includes (1) obervation 2) hypothesis (3) _____ (4) communicating
control
84
The scientific method includes (1) obervation 2) hypothesis (3) control (4) \_\_\_\_\_
communicating
85
An informal term for single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that are heterotrophic.
Protozoa

Microbiology 1113 (16 decks)

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