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Microbiology 1113 > ch 25 > Flashcards

ch 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

blood poisoning, especially that caused by bacteria or their toxins.

A

septicemia

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2
Q

inflammation of the pericardium.

A

pericarditis

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3
Q

A type of fever caused by uterine infection following childbirth.

A

puerperal fever

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4
Q

It can treat fungal infections and vaginal yeast infections.

A

Miconazole

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5
Q

An enlarged, tender lymph node characteristic of plague and some sexually transmitted infections.

A

Bubo

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6
Q

A condition in which clots form in small blood vessels throughout the body, causing organ failure.

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

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7
Q

Inflammation of the heart valves or lining of the heart chambers.

A

Endocarditis

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8
Q

Inflammation of lymphatic vessels.

A

Lymphangitis

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9
Q

Small, purple spots on the skin and mucous membranes caused by hemorrhage from small blood vessels.

A

Petechiae

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10
Q

Referring to the lung.

A

Pneumonic

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11
Q

Acute illness caused by an inflammatory response that results when pathogens or their products circulate in the bloodstream.

A

Sepsis

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12
Q

A range of effects that results from a systemic inflammatory response to a bloodstream infection or circulating endotoxin;

effects include fever, drop in blood pressure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

A

Septic Shock

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13
Q

_____ is also known as β€œRabbit Fever” or β€œDeer Fly Fever”, it is usually transmitted from wild animals to humans by exposure to the animal’s blood or via insects and ticks.

A

Tularemia

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14
Q

In Tularemia,

the cause is the Gram-negative aerobe bacterium, which is found throughout the United States except for Hawaii.

A

π‘­π’“π’‚π’π’„π’Šπ’”π’†π’π’π’‚ π’•π’–π’π’‚π’“π’†π’π’”π’Šπ’”

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15
Q

π‘­π’“π’‚π’π’„π’Šπ’”π’†π’π’π’‚ π’•π’–π’π’‚π’“π’†π’π’”π’Šπ’” is a Category _____ bioterrorism agent and can be acquired in multiple ways.

A

A

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16
Q

π‘­π’“π’‚π’π’„π’Šπ’”π’†π’π’π’‚ π’•π’–π’π’‚π’“π’†π’π’”π’Šπ’” is characterized by an _____ at entry site, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes. Pneumonia if causative agent is inhaled.

A

ulcer

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17
Q

In π‘­π’“π’‚π’π’„π’Šπ’”π’†π’π’π’‚ π’•π’–π’π’‚π’“π’†π’π’”π’Šπ’”, organisms are ingested by _____ cells, grow within and then spread throughout the body.

A

phagocytic

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18
Q

In π‘­π’“π’‚π’π’„π’Šπ’”π’†π’π’π’‚ π’•π’–π’π’‚π’“π’†π’π’”π’Šπ’”, they are risk mainly to _____, game wardens, and others who handle wildlife.

A

hunters

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19
Q

In π‘­π’“π’‚π’π’„π’Šπ’”π’†π’π’π’‚ π’•π’–π’π’‚π’“π’†π’π’”π’Šπ’” it is acquired when the organism penetrates a ______ membrane or enters the broken skin, as may occur when skinning rabbits or a bite of an infected insect or tick.

A

mucous

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20
Q

a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium, typically with the formation of buboes and sometimes infection of the lungs.

A

Plague

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21
Q

Is the plague also referred to as _____ _____ ?

A

Black Death

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22
Q

The plagues cause is from a Gram-negative rod, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae with multiple chromosome- and plasmid-coded virulence factors.

A

π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’”

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23
Q

π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’”β€‹ is a category _____ bioterrorism agent;

A

A

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24
Q

When π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’”β€‹ is spread by flea bites, it causes the _____ plague.

A

bubonic plague

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25
The π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’”β€‹ is transmitted to humans by \_\_\_\_\_.
fleas
26
Pneumonic plague is transmitted from person to person by \_\_\_\_\_\_.
aerosols
27
If the bacteria enter the bloodstream, ______ plague may occur.
septicemic
28
π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’” is endemic in ______ populations.
rodent
29
π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’” has multiple chromosome- and plasmid- coded virulence factors that interfere with ______ and immunity.
phagocytosis
30
In π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’”, it has a High fever, large lymph nodes, and \_\_\_\_\_\_, skin hemorrhages. Sometimes bloody sputum.
buboes
31
In π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’” pathology, it enters the body with a bite of infected \_\_\_\_\_\_.
flea
32
In π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’” pathology, the bacteria taken up by \_\_\_\_\_\_.
macrophages
33
In π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’” pathology, the Intracellular environment causes the bacterial cells to produce multiple _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ that allow attachment to host cells, and provide defense against the immune system.
virulence factors
34
In π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’” epidemiology, they are particularly in the _____ states of the United States.
western
35
Bubonic plague is transmitted by \_\_\_\_\_\_;
fleas
36
Pneumonic plague can be transmitted person to person in respiratory \_\_\_\_\_\_.
droplets
37
Pneumonic plague is the most dangerous because of π’€π’†π’“π’”π’Šπ’π’Šπ’‚ π’‘π’†π’”π’•π’Šπ’” is fully ______ at the time of transmission.
virulent
38
The Infectious ______ is transmitted by contact with infected saliva, especially infectious mononucleosis.
Infectious Mononucleosis
39
The Infectious Mononucleosis is also referred as _____ or ______ \_\_\_\_\_.
Mono / Kissing Disease
40
The Mono disease includes fatigue, fever, sore throat, and enlargement of lymph nodes that last ______ to _____ months
1 to 2
41
The Mono disease is from the DNA virus of the herpesvirus family.
π‘¬π’‘π’”π’•π’†π’Šπ’-𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓 π’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’” (𝑬𝑩𝑽)
42
In the pathology of π‘¬π’‘π’”π’•π’†π’Šπ’-𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓 π’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’”, it is spread by \_\_\_\_\_.
saliva
43
In the pathology of π‘¬π’‘π’”π’•π’†π’Šπ’-𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓 π’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’”, starts with a ______ infection of epithelial cells of the throat and salivary ducts.
productive
44
In the pathology of π‘¬π’‘π’”π’•π’†π’Šπ’-𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓 π’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’”, it causes latent infection of ______ cells.
B-lymphocytes
45
In the pathology of π‘¬π’‘π’”π’•π’†π’Šπ’-𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓 π’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’”, infected people have intermittently lifelong _____ of the virus even when asymptomatic.
shedding
46
In the pathology of π‘¬π’‘π’”π’•π’†π’Šπ’-𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓 π’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’”, it _____ infects individuals, which establishes a lifelong infection of B lymphocytes.
latently
47
A type of tropical viral disease affecting the liver and kidneys, causing fever and jaundice and often fatal. Vaccine-preventable.
Yellow fever
48
Yellow fever is transmitted by \_\_\_\_\_, and can be can be mild or severe.
mosquitoes
49
The Yellow fever typically causes only _____ and fever, but can also be severe.
headaches
50
The Yellow fever severe form is characterized by fever, with fetal bleeding, black vomit, and \_\_\_\_\_.
jaundice
51
Yellow fever causative agent is a ssRNA virus, enveloped and comes from the _____ family.
π’‡π’π’‚π’—π’Šπ’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’”
52
The π’‡π’π’‚π’—π’Šπ’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’” multiplies locally at the site of _____ by an infected mosquito.
introduction
53
The π’‡π’π’‚π’—π’Šπ’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’” spreads to the liver and throughout the body by the bloodstream.
bloodstream
54
The π’‡π’π’‚π’—π’Šπ’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’” in the bloodstream causes fever, jaundice, and \_\_\_\_\_.
hemorrhaging
55
The π’‡π’π’‚π’—π’Šπ’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’” virus destroys _____ cells, causing jaundice and decreased the production of blood-clotting proteins.
liver
56
The π’‡π’π’‚π’—π’Šπ’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’” also causes _____ and kidney failure may occur.
DIC
57
The π’‡π’π’‚π’—π’Šπ’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’” in the forest is a _____ to monkeys and the mosquitoes that feed on them.
zoonosis
58
The π’‡π’π’‚π’—π’Šπ’—π’Šπ’“π’–π’” is in _____ and Central and South America.
Africa
59
An intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite that invades the red blood cells. The parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical regions.
Malaria
60
Malaria is the most widespread of the _____ blood and lymphatic diseases.
protozoan
61
Malaria is caused by _____ species of Plasmodium.
five
62
Malaria is transmitted from person to person by the bite of females _____ mosquitoes, it's biological vector.
Anopheles
63
Malaria is characterized by _____ of chills, fevers, and sweats.
paroxysms
64
In malaria, this type of species is the life-threatening one, even in otherwise healthy people.
π‘·π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’‡π’‚π’π’„π’Šπ’‘π’‚π’“π’–π’Ž
65
In malaria, this type of species cannot enter genetically resistant Africans hosts due to their RBCs lack the Duffy antigen.
π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’—π’Šπ’—π’‚π’™β€‹
66
In a π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’—π’Šπ’—π’‚π’™ pathology, 1 the Infected mosquito injects π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’—π’Šπ’—π’‚π’™β€‹ sporozoites into a _____ as it feeds.
capillary
67
In π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’—π’Šπ’—π’‚π’™β€‹ pathology, 2. Sporozoites are carried to the \_\_\_\_\_, where they multiply in liver cells to form merozoites. The liver cells
liver
68
In π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’—π’Šπ’—π’‚π’™β€‹ pathology, 3. The merozoites infect and differentiate in \_\_\_\_\_\_, the cells burst, releasing merozoites and the cycle repeats.
RBCs
69
In a π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’—π’Šπ’—π’‚π’™β€‹ 4. Another feeding _____ ingests RBCs with gametocytes.
mosquito
70
In a π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’—π’Šπ’—π’‚π’™β€‹ pathology, 5 The gametocytes are released as the RBCs are \_\_\_\_\_.
digested
71
In a π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’—π’Šπ’—π’‚π’™β€‹ pathology, 6 The gametocytes become gametes, and fertilization occurs, forming a \_\_\_\_\_.
zygote
72
In a π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’—π’Šπ’—π’‚π’™β€‹ pathology, 7 The zygote becomes motile and penetrates the _____ wall.
gut
73
In a π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’—π’Šπ’—π’‚π’™β€‹ pathology, 8 In the gut wall, the zygote forms an _____ and multiplies asexually.
oocyst
74
In a π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’π’…π’Šπ’–π’Ž π’—π’Šπ’—π’‚π’™β€‹ pathology, 9 The oocyst releases sporozoites that infect the mosquito ______ glands.
salivary
75
Acute endocarditis is often caused by pathogens that have spread from another infected site.
Bacterial endocarditis
76
A type of endocarditis is commonly caused by members of the normal microbiota, including oral streptococci
Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
77
A type of endocarditis infection usually begins on structural abnormalities of the heart. Prolonged treatment is usually required.
π‘Ίπ’•π’‚π’‘π’‰π’šπ’π’π’„π’π’„π’„π’–π’” π’†π’‘π’Šπ’…π’†π’“π’Žπ’Šπ’…π’Šπ’”
78
an infection-induced systemic inflammatory response called _____ is commonly a healthcare-associated illness; many afflicted individuals have serious underlying illnesses such as cancer and diabetes. If uncontrolled, it can progress to septic shock. Most fatal cases involve Gram-negative bacteria.
Sepsis
79
The causative agent is typically ingested in raw or undercooked contaminated seafood or enters through wounds. If it enters the bloodstream, there is a risk of sepsis and septic shock, particularly in those with compromised immunity.
π‘½π’Šπ’ƒπ’“π’Šπ’ π’—π’–π’π’π’Šπ’‡π’Šπ’„π’–π’”
80
β€œUndulant Fever” or β€œBang’s Disease” \_\_\_\_\_\_, caused by Brucella melitensis, is usually acquired from cattle or other domestic animals, sometimes from wild animals. Hunters, butchers, and those who drink unpasteurized milk or milk products are at increased risk for the disease. The organisms can infect via mucous membranes and minor skin injuries.
Brucellosis
81
This is a newly emerging disease that has spread globally. Like dengue, it causes severe joint pain, which may become chronic.
Chikungunya (CHIK)
82
Both of these are both severe emerging diseases that are a global concern. They start with flu-like symptoms but can result in massive bleeding and multi-organ failure.
Ebola and Marburg virus

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