One function of the kidneys is maintenance of ________ volume by varying the excretion of water in the urine
Blood
Excretion
The process of elimination of wastes
Kidneys maintain __________ composition of blood by selecting certain ___________ to excrete
Chemical
Kidneys maintain blood_____
PH
Kidneys excrete waste products of
Protein metabolism
Kidneys regulate blood
Pressure
Kidneys secrete erythropoietin to stimulate the production of
Erythrocytes
Albumin/o
Albumin
-ation
Process
-esis
Action, process, or result of
Glycos/o
Sugar
Olig/o
Few
Ur/o
Urine or urinary tract
Urin/o
Urine
-uria
Urine
Tubes leading from kidneys to the bladder
Ureters
The tube that urine leaves the body through
Urethra
Cyst/o
Bladder
Glomerul/o
Glomerulus ( filter for the kidney )
Nephr/o, ren/o
Kidney
Pyel/o
Renal pelvis (reservoir in the kidney that collects the urine)
Ureter/o
Ureter
Urethr/o
Urethra
Renal pelvis
Funnel- shaped structure structure in the middle of each kidney
Nephrons
Microscopic Functional units that consist of a long stem and tubular sections called tubules
Glomerulus
A cluster of blood vessels surrounded by a structure called Bowman’s capsule
Filtering of the blood can be called
Glomerular filtration
Selective reabsorption of some substances can be called
Tubular reabsorption
Secretion of substances into the urine can be called
Tubular secretion
The process of filtering blood goes through what structures
Glomerulus(filtration), Bowman’s capsule, renal tubule, renal pelvis
Glomerulus does not permit
Proteins and blood cells
The glomerulus lets what substances through its walls
Water, salts, wastes
Function of Bowman’s capsule
Collects the substances that filer through the glomerular walls. Passes them to the tubules
Tubules
Long twisted tubes that reabsorb water and sugars. Excess nutrients and water are passed down through the ureters and become urine
Antidiuretic hormone(ADH)
Increases the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules, decreasing the amount of urine produced
Testing urine
Urinalysis
The presence of sugar, protein, or blood in urine
Glycosuria, proteinuria, or hematuria
Pyuria
Pus in the urine
Ketone bodies
End products of lipid (fat) metabolism
Kentonuria
Ketone bodies in the urine
Diabetes mellitus
An endocrine disorder characterized by glycosuria and hyperglycemia
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Excessive growth of bacteria in the urinary tract
Voided specimen
Urine sample
Blood urea nitrogen
A measure of the amount of urea in the blood
Stenosis
Constriction or narrowing
Nephrotomography
Sectional radiographic examination of the kidneys
Cystocele
Bladder hernia that protrudes into the vagina
Nephrosis
Degenerative changes in the kidneys but no inflammation
Nephrotoxic
Destructive to kidney tissue
Polycystic kidney disease
Hereditary disorder characterized by hundreds of fluid-filled cysts throughout both kidneys
Polyp
Tumor found on a mucosal surface, such as the inner lining of the bladder
Renal failure
Failure of the kidney to perform its essential functions. Acute renal failure is a critical situation
Renal insufficiency
Reduced ability of the kidney to preform its functions
Retrograde urogrqphy
X-ray examination of the renal pelvis and ureter after injection of a contrast medium into the renal pelvis
Urinary incontinence
Inability to hold urine in the bladder
Urinary retention
Inability to empty the bladder
Voiding cystourethrogram
Radiographic record of the bladder and urethra after the bladder has been filled with a contrast medium. The x- ray is taken while the patient is urinating
Voiding can be called
Urination
Radiographic study to access the arterial blood supply to the kidneys
Renal arteriography
Excision of a urinary bladder
Cystectomy
What combining form Pertains to the filtering structure of the kidney
Glomerul/o
What word part refers to the reservoir in the kidney that collects urine
Pyel/o
What is the cluster of blood vessel surrounded by a Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus
A procedure where small pieces of tissue from a nearby structure are removed through the wall of the urethra
Transurethral resection
The final product of protein metabolism and the chief nitrogenous waste present in urine
Urea
Each of these is composed of a glomerulus and tubules
Nephron
What two processes of urine function happen in the tubules
Reabsorption and secretion
The descriptor for lithotripsy which uses sound waves to break up kidney stones
Extracorporeal
urinary output of less than 100 ml per day
Anuria
Substance on the blood that indicates a rough estimate of kidney function
Blood urea nitrogen
A diminished capacity to pass urine (>500mL) daily
Oliguria
Hereditary disorder characterized by hundreds of fluid filled cysts throughout both kidneys
Polycystic kidney disease
Toxic condition of the body that is associated with failure of the kidneys to function properly
Uremia