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EBP Exam > CH 10 - Exam 2 > Flashcards

CH 10 - Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A ___ ___ specifies how participants will be selected and how many to include.
It is usually located in the ___ section listed under ___ ___

A
  • sampling plan
  • methods
  • study participants
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2
Q

When critiquing a sampling plan the research should describe what 5 things?

A
  • type of sampling approach
  • population
  • eligibility criteria
  • sample size w/ rationale
  • description of the sample’s main characteristics
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3
Q

What is the response rate?
What is it compared to?
A low response rate = ___ (strong/weak) study with ___ (inc/dec) risk of bias

A
  • the number of people that participated or responded in a study
  • the number to people sampled
  • weak
  • inc
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4
Q

The ___ in PICO refers to the entire group that it represents

A

P : population

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5
Q

___ ___ specify the population characteristics allowed in a sample

A

eligibility criteria

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6
Q

What is the goal of a sample?

A
  • to pick the correct number of individuals to represent the population at large
  • a subset of population elements
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7
Q

___ ___ occurs when a certain population is not accurately represented in a sample

A

sampling bias

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8
Q

___ are mutually exclusive segments of a population based on a specific characteristic

A

strata

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9
Q

The population is nursing students :
ABSN / BSN are examples of ___
eligibility criteria that limited the sample to ABSN student with a previous degree in healthcare would result in ___ ___

A
  • strata

- sampling bias

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10
Q

Non probability sampling selects elements by ___ methods in which every element ___ have a chance to be included

A
  • nonrandom

- doesn’t

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11
Q

What are 4 examples of non-probability sampling?

A
  • consecutive
  • purposive
  • convenience
  • quota
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12
Q

What type of sampling selects the most conveniently available people as participants?

A

convenience

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13
Q

___ sampling is using strata information to figure out how to use balanced a sample.

A

quota

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14
Q

Identifying the percentage of males and females in the population and mating that in the sample would be what type of sampling?

A

quota

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15
Q

___ sampling is a type of non probability sampling method that recruits everyone from an accessible population over a period of time.
An accessible population is one available in a certain ___ or ___

A
  • consecutive

- location or situation

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16
Q

If all of the patients on 1 unit in a hospital over the span of a month would be considered what type of population?

A

consecutive

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17
Q

What type of sampling do the researchers hand pick sample members based on traits in the population?

A

purposive

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18
Q

Will non probability sampling have bias? How does this effect the results?

A

yes - the results can be misleading

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19
Q

What type of sample (general) is expedient and have the easiest time being utilized to make a study?

A

non-probability samples

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20
Q

What type of sampling involves random selection of elements from a population where each element has an equal chance of being selected?

A

probability sampling

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of probability sampling?

A
  • simple random
  • stratified random
  • systematic
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22
Q

A ___ ___ is a list of population elements

A

sampling frame

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23
Q

What type of probability sampling uses a tool to randomly pick elements from a sampling frame?

A

simple random

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24
Q

___ ___ sampling divides the population into 2 strata and then randomly selects samples from both strata

A

stratified random

25
Q

___ sampling chooses to select a specific number such as every 4th person to participate

A

systematic

26
Q

What is the only viable method of obtained a representative sample?

A

probability sampling

27
Q

A __ analysis is a method for researchers to determine how large a sample size should be

A

power

28
Q

Does a large sample size ensure that results are accurate? Why?

A
  • no : if non probability sampling is used large sample sizes can still be inaccurate
29
Q

T/F : a small sample size can support a conclusion if the sampling is perfectly random

A

false

30
Q

What is self reported data?

AKA

A
  • participants response to researchers questions

- patient reported data

31
Q

Self reported interview data is collected with a formal written document ___ in ___ or by ____. interviews tend to get a ___ (lg/sm) response, and ___ (can/cannot) be completed by all positions of the population

A
  • verbally
  • person
  • phone
  • larger
  • can
32
Q

A questionnaire is when participants …

A

complete a form or survey themselves

33
Q

What can be used for populations that are geographically dispersed and is less costly

A

questionnaire

34
Q

____ method of data collection allows for anonymity

A

questionnaire

35
Q

___ questions allow for specific responses and allow the results to be comparable

A

close-ended

36
Q

what type of question can obtain richer detail but can be difficult to compare responses?

A

open ended

37
Q

A ___ is a device that assign a numeric score to people along a continuum

A

scale

38
Q

Any scale that has rating with options (strong agree, agree, etc) is an example of what type of scale

A

likert

39
Q

A ___ ___ scale measures subjective experiences such as pain or fatigue

A

visual analog

40
Q

The 0-10 pain scale is an example of what kind of scale

A

visual analog : the pt picks a spot on the scale to represent their pain

41
Q

What 3 things can impact response set bias

A
  • social desirability
  • extreme responses
  • acquisition response
42
Q

___ ___ are the olny way to know how a person really feels/believes but can have ___ and ___ errors

A
  • self report
  • accuracy
  • validity
43
Q

The ___ ___ focuses on behaviors or events of interest to an observational study.
Can this type of study pick and choose behaviors to observe?

A
  • category system

- yes

44
Q

What instrument do researchers uses to record observations?

A

checklist

45
Q

A ___ ___ is used to rate the behavior along a continuum to measure intensity instead of just a number of occurrences

A

rating scale

46
Q

Observational sampling describes what?

A

when the observation period will occur

47
Q

sampling that focuses on medication administration time is what type of observational sampling

A

event

48
Q

In ___ measurements are preformed directly on the participants to obtain a value

A

vivo

49
Q

In ___ takes something from the participant and analyzes it (blood for lab values)

A

vitro

50
Q

Biosphysiologic measures are ___ (subjective/objective), ____ (accurate/inaccurate), and are ____ (very/not very) biased

A
  • objective
  • accurate
  • not very
51
Q

Do the instruments or scales used to collect data relate to the quality of data

A

yeah … duh

52
Q

___ involves assigning number to represent the amount of an attribute present in a person or object

A

measurement

53
Q

what 2 things are used to measure the effectiveness of a tool

A
  • reliability

- validity

54
Q

___ is the extent to which scores are free from measurement error.

A

reliability

55
Q

___ ____ ____ provides the same measurement till to the same person at two different periods in time

A

test retest reliability

56
Q

reliability can be influenced by the person if the score is based on ___. How do we combat this

A
  • judgement

- have more than one person use the scale

57
Q

___ ___ is measured by having multiple items address the same theme with rewording

A

internal consistency

58
Q

___ is the degree to which an instrument measuring a concept is appropriate to measure.

A

validity

59
Q

What is the difference between face, content, and criterion validity

A
  • Face : instruments looks like it will measure the target construct
  • Content : extent to which the instrument can adequately capture the target construct
  • Criterion : extent to which scores are a good reflection of an ideal measure of a construct

EBP Exam (18 decks)

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