CH 11 - Exam 2

Question 1

___ studies use an emergent design that evolves as researchers make ___ decisions about their data based on what they have ___ ___.

Answer 1

• qualitative
• ongoing
• already learned

Question 2

What are the general characteristics of a qualitative study? (5)

Answer 2

• being flexible
• triangulating various data collection strategies
• tends to be holistic
• takes a lot of time from researcher
• ongoing data analysis that may alter design / plan

Question 3

Is a qualitative study alone considered experimental?

Answer 3

No –> non experimental

Question 4

When might a qualitative study be considered experimental?

Answer 4

when it is part of a larger quantitive study

Question 5

T/F : control and blinding are used in the majority of qualitative studies.

Answer 5

False –> most often do not utilize a control/comparison group

Question 6

Qualitative studies focus on ___ ___ (think location).

Answer 6

naturalistic setting

Question 7

Do qualitative studies more often happen at several different sites or 1 fixed location?

Answer 7

variety of different sites

Question 8

What is one similarity between quantitative and qualitative studies?

Answer 8

time frame : can be cross sectional or longitudinal

Question 9

Qualitative studies are able to reveal ___ ___ or ___ ___ that can be studied in a systematic fashion with more controlled methods

Answer 9

• potential patterns

- casual relationships

Question 10

Ethnography involves the description and interpretation of what?

Answer 10

culture and cultural behavior

Question 11

___ can refer to any group that has a similar trait

Answer 11

culture

Question 12

___ is the process by which the ethnographer comes to understand a culture.
Describe the time frame for this

Answer 12

• fieldwork

- can take a long time as the researcher becomes involved with the group

Question 13

___ ___ refers to the way a culture regards THEIR world, AKA ___ ___.

Answer 13

• emic perspective (MI = ME)

- insider view (mI –> Inside)

Question 14

___ ___ is the outsiders perspective of the cultures experience

Answer 14

Etic perspective

Question 15

Ethnographers seek what 3 types of information?

Answer 15

• cultural Artifacts
• cultural Behavior
• cultural Speech
  (Art is BullShit)

Question 16

What is participant observation?

What additional resource may be needed during this?

Answer 16

• When the researchers makes observations while participating in an activity
• someone who is familiar with the culture to interpret the activity –> informant

Question 17

Ethnonursing research is the study and analysis of the local / indigenous people’s ___ ___ and ___ about nursing care __ and ___ of a designated culture.

Answer 17

• viewpoints
• beliefs
• practices
• behavior
• processes

Question 18

Phenomenology seeks to understand …

Answer 18

people’s everyday life experiences

Question 19

Do sample sizes of phenomenological studies tend to be large or small?
They tend to involve what with who?

Answer 19

• small

- in-depth conversations with individuals

Question 20

“Bracketing is the process of identify and holding in abeyance preconceived beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon understudy” is what step in descriptive phenomenology?
–> simply stated as …
What might be used to help this?

Answer 20

• 1st
• begin study with an open mind
• reflective journal to help maintain an open mind

Question 21

“Intuiting is remaining open to the meaning attributed to a phenomenon by those who have experienced it” is what step in descriptive phenomenology?

Answer 21

2nd

Question 22

“Analysis involved extracting significant statements, categorizing and making sense of essential meaning” is what step in descriptive phenomenology?

Answer 22

3rd

Question 23

“describing involves understanding and defining the phenomenon” is what step in descriptive phenomenology?

Answer 23

4th

Question 24

Interpretive phenomenology focuses on interpreting and understanding the ___ ___.

Answer 24

human experience

Question 25

___ is the art and philosophy and interpreting the meaning of an object such as test or work.

Answer 25

hermeneutics

Question 26

who is the founder of interpretive phenomenology?

Answer 26

Heidegger

Question 27

T/F : bracketing does not occur with interpretive phenomenology?

Answer 27

ture

Question 28

What is the primary focus of data collection for interpretive phenomenological studies? What other sources might be used?

Answer 28

- in-depth interviews | - novels or poetry : may be during the conversations or after with analysis

Question 29

4 words commonly used in descriptive studies

Answer 29

- bracketing - description - essence - hussarl

Question 30

The names : Colaizzi, Van Kaam or Giorgi may be mentioned in what type of study

Answer 30

descriptive

Question 31

4 words/phrases commonly used in interpretive studies

Answer 31

- being in the world - hermeneutics - understand - Heidegger

Question 32

The names : Manen or Banner may appear in the methods section of what type of study?

Answer 32

interpretive

Question 33

Glaser and Strauss developed ___ ___ whose theoretical roots were in ___ ___ which focus on the manner in which people make sense of ___ interactions

Answer 33

- grounded theory - symbolic interaction - social

Question 34

___ is geared towards resolving a main problem and is AKA as a ___ ___

Answer 34

- behavior | - core variable

Question 35

The ___ ___ process is one type of core variable which explain the process of ___ the problem

Answer 35

- basic social | - resolving

Question 36

T/F : data collection, data analysis, and sampling of participants occur simultaneously in grounded theory.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

___ ___ is used to develop and refine theoretically relevant concepts and categories

Answer 37

constant comparison

Question 38

constant comparison is used to develop and refine...

Answer 38

theoretically revenant concepts and theories

Question 39

The concepts obtained from data are compared with __ __ to identify ___ and ___

Answer 39

- earlier data - commonalities - variations

Question 40

What is the normal sample size for grounded theory? | How is data usually collected? (2)

Answer 40

- 20-30 | - in-depth interviews, participant observation

Question 41

Strauss and Corbin developed an alternative theory that focuses on the ___ ___ of ___ of what is occurring

Answer 41

- full range | - behavior

Question 42

___ ___ is the systematic collection and critical evaluation of data relating to past occurrences - retrospective review of old stuff

Answer 42

historical research

Question 43

Case studies focus on an ___ which can be individual, an institution, or other social unit

Answer 43

entity

Question 44

The entity of a case study is the center stage and the study does an ___ expiration

Answer 44

in-depth

Question 45

Case Studies : - provide lots or little info? - time ? - can have bias ? - able to be generalizable?

Answer 45

- provide lots of info - take lots of time - yes - can have bias - not generalizable

Question 46

___ ___ focus on the STORY that can be used to explain specific events and link with 2 things?

Answer 46

- narrative assays | - inner world of needs to external world of observable actions --> inner needs to external actions

Question 47

If a study identifies itself as qualitative but does not fit a particular design it should be considered?

Answer 47

descriptive

Question 48

critical theory leads to ___ ___ which focusing on ___ consciousness in the hope of effecting ___ change with the goal of undermining ___ systems

Answer 48

- critical ethnography - raising - social - oppressive

Question 49

Feminist research is similar to __ __ with a focus on ___ ___ within ___ societies

Answer 49

- critical theory - gender discrimination - patriarchal

Question 50

Participatory action research moths with ___ groups to produce what 4 things?

Answer 50

- vulnerable | - knowledge about a problem, actions to be taken, empowerment, and consciousness raising