Ch. 12 - Instrumentation (plus some review)

Question 1

in the voice and speech world, computerized recording and/or analysis equipment

Answer 1

Instrumentation

Question 2

physical quantity that’s being measured is called the ___

Answer 2

Measurand

Question 3

process where output of measurement system compared to a known standard

Answer 3

Calibration

Question 4

the self-generated error of an electronic tool because of its physical properties

Answer 4

Self-noise

Question 5

the process of changing energy from one form to another

Answer 5

Transduction

Question 6

a microphone converts acoustic energy into electrical energy using a ___ known as a ___

Answer 6

transducer; sensor

Question 7

tool that measures transoral, transnasal and translaryngeal airflow

Answer 7

Pneumotachometer/pneumotach

Question 8

what is this?

Answer 8

Pneumotachometer/pneumotach

Question 9

these sensors capture the electrical activity of muscles as they contract

Answer 9

EMG

Question 10

three types of mic designs

Answer 10

Handheld
Lavalier
Head-word/headset

Question 11

two main mic transducer types

Answer 11

dynamic
condenser

Question 12

Dynamic mics rely on ___ ___ in their design

Answer 12

electromagnetic induction

Question 13

condenser mics rely on a ___, or ___, in its design

Answer 13

capacitor; condenser

Question 14

main pro and con of an electret mic

Answer 14

Pro: less power
Cons: not as good

Question 15

mic type that captures sound equally well from all directions

Answer 15

omnidirectional

Question 16

mics that pic up sounds primarily from one direction

Answer 16

Cardioid/unidirectional

Question 17

A con of using a unidirectional mic is that if the sound source is too close, the ____ frequencies will be artificially amplified

Answer 17

low

Question 18

range of frequencies that mic can respond to

Answer 18

Frequency response plot

Question 19

for speech a ____ frequency response plot mic is optimal

Answer 19

flat

Question 20

range of intensities a microphone can respond to

Answer 20

Dynamic Range

Question 21

this device in a microphone increases the amplitude of the voltage

Answer 21

preamplifier

Question 22

amount of increase in amplitude an amplifier does

Answer 22

Gain

Question 23

ease at which electricity flows through microphone’s circuit

Answer 23

Impedance

Question 24

waveform distortion when signal’s amplitude > its dynamic range

Answer 24

Peak clipping

Question 25

Purpose of cables/connectors in an audio set-up

Answer 25

carry electrical signal from sensor to next stage

Question 26

name this type of cable

Answer 26

TRS

Question 27

Process of transferring signal to computerized recording device

Answer 27

data acquisition (DAQ)

Question 28

Sampling frequency is ideally at least ___x the frequency of the highest frequency in an audio signal

Answer 28

2

Question 29

type of error where sample rate < Nyquist freq and doesn’t get whole signal

Answer 29

Aliasing

Question 30

difference between analog amplitude and digitally converted amplitude

Answer 30

Quantization error/noise

Question 31

a preamplifier should have ____ dynamic range and frequency range than the attached sensor

Answer 31

greater

Question 32

microphones convert ___ energy into ___ energy

Answer 32

acoustic; electric

Question 33

when it comes to recording equipment, what does ADC stand for?

Answer 33

analog to digital conversion

Question 34

what is this?

Answer 34

EMG

Question 35

graphical representation of what’s happening at glottis

Answer 35

Glottography

Question 36

Two procedures to see VF ___ has a slower rate of VF ___ has a faster rate of VF

Answer 36

stroboscopy; high-speed laryngeal imaging

Question 37

this is part of what method to view the VF?

Answer 37

videokymography

Question 38

Measures VF activity via how much light gets through the glottis

Answer 38

Photoglottography

Question 39

procedure where electrodes placed on thyroid cartilage. low current runs between to check for opening and closure

Answer 39

Electroglottography (EGG)

Question 40

what kind of test is this?

Answer 40

EGG

Question 41

____-band spectrograms are used to see formants, while ___-band spectrograms are used to see harmonics

Answer 41

wide; narrow

Question 42

what is the main difference between harmonics and formants?

Answer 42

Formants are about interaction between filter (VT) and harmonics

Question 43

__ analysis has to do with distribution of energy across frequencies at a given moment

Answer 43

spectral

Question 44

what is this?

Answer 44

spectral analysis

Question 45

Spectrum of energy over a window of vowel phonation

Answer 45

Long-Term Average Spectrum

Question 46

using this method, clinicians can strip away the expected vocal tract filter effects to predict what's happening at the glottal level

Answer 46

inverse filtering

Question 47

name the device

Answer 47

spirometer

Question 48

name the device

Answer 48

nasometer

Question 49

instruments measure specific body parts as they articulate. the horrifying name for these parts of the body parts is __ __

Answer 49

flesh points

Question 50

instrument that uses touch-sensitive electrodes embedded in thin acrylic palate, measures palate and tongue contact

Answer 50

Electropalatography

Question 51

device that produces output proportional to magnitude of the energy it’s reading

Answer 51

Sensor