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Speech Science > CH 4 - Breathing > Flashcards

CH 4 - Breathing Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

anatomical term for breathing in

A

Inspiration

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2
Q

anatomical term for breathing out

A

expiration

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3
Q

respiratory tract below the larynx

A

lower airway

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4
Q

The __ airway is the respiratory tract above the larynx

A

upper

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5
Q

process of gas exchange in the body

A

respiration

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6
Q

process of moving air in and out of lower airway to enable gas exchange

A

ventilation

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7
Q

process of mvt of of molecules in fluid from high concentration to low concentration

A

Diffusion

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8
Q

Name this rule:

Given constant temp, if volume of gas increased, pressure will decrease

A

Boyle’s Law

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9
Q

Three main body parts of pulmonary system

A

BLT

Trachea, bronchial tree and lung

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10
Q

Pulmonary system in the ___ cavity

A

thoracic

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11
Q

number of ribs

A

12

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12
Q

number of true ribs

A

7

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13
Q

number of false ribs

A

5

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14
Q

Alveoli in lungs are surrounded by ___

A

capillaries

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15
Q

The first ___ generations of the bronchial tree are anatomic ___ __, meaning no gas exchange happens there

A

9; dead space

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16
Q

Muscles ____ when stimulated by nerve impulses

A

contract

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17
Q

a muscle’s readiness to work

A

muscle tone

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18
Q

the only active movement a muscle can perform

A

contraction

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19
Q

In this type of isotonic contraction, the tension is greater than the load and the muscle contracts

A

concentric

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20
Q

In this type of isotonic contraction, a muscle is opposed by a second muscle and the first muscle’s length doesn’t change

A

isometric

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21
Q

In this type of isotonic contraction, a muscle is partially opposed by another muscle, not so much that the tension stops, but enough that it is slowed

A

eccentric

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22
Q

internal and external body forces on a muscle

A

load

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23
Q

Muscle that contracts to achieve a mvt

A

agonist

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24
Q

Muscle that opposes contraction of another muscle

A

antagonist

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25
Two main types of agonist muscles: the __ mover, which does most of the work, and the ___, which helps
prime; synergist
26
subconscious, normal breathing
tidal breathing
27
Pleural fluid in the __ __ helps the ___ pleura and ___ pleura stick to one another
pleural space; parietal; visceral
28
tidal volume is about ___-___% of vital capacity
10-15%
29
different parts of "fish tank" (aka lungs) are called ____
volumes
30
lung ____ are combinations of lung ___
capacities; volumes
31
max amount of air lungs can hold
Total lung capacity
32
____ volume is the amount of air that will be left over after a full exhalation, and it's about ____ of TLC
residual; 25%
33
total volume of air that can be exchanged during max inhale and exhale
Vital capacity
34
amount you can breathe in after tidal inspiration
Inspiratory reserve volume
35
amount you can exhale after tidal expiration
Expiratory reserve volume
36
At end of quiet inspiration, volume of air in lungs is about ___% of VC
55
37
Total amount of air in lungs at end of tidal expiration = __ __ __
functional reserve capacity
38
Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume =
inspiratory capacity
39
when greater volume of air inhaled than tidal breathing
Forced inhalation
40
Forced inhalation happens when volumes are > ___% VC
60%
41
when volume of air in lungs moved out at faster rate OR at greater volume than tidal breathing
tidal breathing
42
in forced exhalation, muscles move ___
actively
43
in tidal breathing, on exhale, muscles move ___
passively
44
4 characteristics of forced breathing
Duce 1) DESTINATION: cycles don’t necessarily return to resting lung volume 2) USE: % of VC varies depending on individual’s needs 3) EFFORT: % of inhalation vs exhalation depend on activity 4) CYCLES: all cycles of exertional breathing not always same
45
three passive forces on breathing system
Gravity Elastic recoil on lungs/rib cage Surface tension of alveoli
46
passive forces on breathing system together create ____ ___
relaxation pressure
47
difference in pressure between alveoli and atmospheric pressure
Transthoracic pressure
48
amount of pressure needed to expand or contract lungs and chest wall simultaneously
transthoracic pressure
49
what is this?
relaxation curve
50
inspiratory thoracic muscles engaging so recoil doesn’t move too fast is also known as:
inspiratory checking action
51
Another word for typical speech
running speech
52
number of words/syllables spoken in one exhalation, can be determined by language rules, not just anatomy, called __ __ __
phrase breath group
53
particular pattern of speech breathing of an individual is their speech breathing __
Personality
54
type of breathing defined by overactivity of pecs/shoulders
clavicular breathing
55
in this type of breathing, the abs resist compression of abdomen during inhalation, possibly forcing the ribs muscle to be more active
chest breathing/high breathing
56
this is considered the optimal type of breathing for speech therapy
diaphragmatic
57
In ____, there is too much O2 in body
hyperventilation
58
In ___ there is too little O2 in body
hypoventilation
59
difference in air pressure in different parts of the vocal tract that causes air mvt
Driving pressure
60
flow of air that is smooth, orderly, straight and uninterrupted
Laminar flow
61
airflow through a not-straight path, with a tendency to make small eddies; large portion of air not parallel to axis of tube
turbulent flow
62
work required to prevent tissue from springing back to orig shape in order to change volume of thoracic cavity/lungs is called __ resistance
elastic
63
ease lungs/chest wall are stretched called levels of
compliance
64
test that measures electrical output of muscles
electromyography
65
measures change in lung vol. during breathing and relative combos of abdomen and rib cage
Inductance plethysmography
66
opposition to change in flow of electrical current
Inductance
67
category of diseases that includes chronic bronchitis, asthma and emphysema
COPD
68
Four disordered breathing categories
CD LM 1) Dysfunctional breathing orders 2) COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) 3) Can’t expand lung volume; limits VC 4) Impairment of muscular control
69
sensation of work to breathe/shortness of breath
Dyspnea
70
Noisy breathing on inhaling and/or exhaling
stridor
71
Four symptoms of disordered breathing
D.S. FV 1) Dyspnea 2) Fatigue, esp around extra effort to breathe and speak 3) Stridor 4) Voice changes
72
behaviors used to overcome limitations
compensatory strategies
73
compensatory strategy that causes more problems than it solves
Maladaptive compensatory strategy
74
why can inhaling too much be a maladaptive compensatory strategy?
more muscles required for checking action
75
Breathing in → lung volume ___, pressure ___, air flows in
increases; decreases
76
Breathing out → lung volume ___, pressure ____, air flows out
decreases; increases
77
if joints are fulcrums and bones are levers, there's a trade off between ___ and ___
force; velocity
78
this part of ribs moves like pump handle
anterior
79
this part of ribs move like bucket handle
side
80
Two factors that enable lungs to change volume
1) Restorative forces of tissues 2) Connection between pleuras
81
relaxation pressure as function of lung volume displayed graphically
Relaxation curve
82
At less than ___% VC, exhalation muscles need to actively fight recoil forces to continue to exhale
38%
83
normal amount of tidal breaths per min for an adult
12-15
84
tidal breathing has a ___/___% inspiration/expiration ration, where speech breathing has a __/___% ration
40/60; 10/90

Speech Science (12 decks)

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