CH 3 Sound Waves

Question 1

a back and forth motion

Answer 1

vibration

Question 2

initial force that causes mass-spring system to move from equilibrium

Answer 2

displacement force

Question 3

force that causes mass-spring system to go back to equilibrium

Answer 3

restorative force

Question 4

Speech is composed of ____ waves

Answer 4

sound

Question 5

disturbance that travels through medium, transporting energy from one location to another

Answer 5

Wave

Question 6

simplest type of wave in which there is a single disturbance traveling through a medium

Answer 6

pulse

Question 7

in this type of wave, particles of a medium move parallel to direction of wave

Answer 7

longitudinal pressure wave

Question 8

time in sound when medium compresses, causing increased density of molecules and pressure

Answer 8

condensation/compression

Question 9

time in sound when medium expands, causing decreased density of molecules and pressure

Answer 9

Rarefaction

Question 10

sound pressure waves are this type of wave

Answer 10

longitudinal pressure wave

Question 11

upwards and downward oscillation continues unchanged through each cycle of vibration

Answer 11

simple harmonic motion

Question 12

another name for simple harmonic motion

Answer 12

uniform circular motion

Question 13

in a sound wave, rate at which particles vibrate back and forth per second

Answer 13

frequency

Question 14

complete period of compression + rarefaction of sound wave

Answer 14

cycle

Question 15

in sine wave representation of a sound wave, the upwards motion represents ___ and the downwards motion represents ___

Answer 15

compression; rarefaction

Question 16

sound waves are represented visually by ___ waves

Answer 16

sine

Question 17

point in cycle where waveform begins

Answer 17

phase

Question 18

time it takes to complete a cycle of compression and rarefaction in a sine wave

Answer 18

Period

Question 19

formula for relationship between frequency (f) and period (t)

Answer 19

t = 1/f OR f = 1/t

Question 20

power per unit area

Answer 20

intensity

Question 21

distance traveled by one cycle of vibration

Answer 21

Wavelength

Question 22

Wavelength formula

Answer 22

λ = c/f

(c velocity of sound and f is frequency)

Question 23

Frequency and wavelength are ___ related

Answer 23

inversely

Question 24

Rate at which sound pressure disturbance transmitted from one particle to next

Answer 24

speed of sound

Question 25

four factors that influence sound's speed

Answer 25

DASTardly!! *Twirls mustache* 1) density 2) state (solid, liq or gas) 3) temp 4) air pressure

Question 26

perception of frequency

Answer 26

pitch

Question 27

human perception of intensity

Answer 27

loudness

Question 28

study of relationship between physical properties of stimulus and our subjective experience of a stimulus

Answer 28

Psychophysics

Question 29

another name for difference limen

Answer 29

JND - just noticeable difference

Question 30

smallest difference between two sounds that can be perceived as having different loudness levels

Answer 30

difference limen

Question 31

Scale for psychoacoustic intensity

Answer 31

phon scale

Question 32

two systems that were created to help quantify pitch

Answer 32

semitones Bark scale

Question 33

sound made up of two or more sine waves of different frequencies

Answer 33

complex sound

Question 34

complex sound where sine waves have mathematical relationship

Answer 34

complex periodic sound

Question 35

three main traits of complex tones

Answer 35

1) lowest freq is fundamental freq 2) if there's a ratio relationship between sine waves, it's periodic 3) same shape/pattern repeats each cycle

Question 36

plot of power of given frequencies of a sound

Answer 36

power spectrum

Question 37

"all periodic waveforms can be decomposed as sum of series of sine waves with frequencies in harmonic series at specific phase relationships to one another"

Answer 37

Fourier theorem

Question 38

graph that shows dB of different frequencies of a complex sound

Answer 38

line spectrum

Question 39

sound where sine waves do not have orderly mathematical relationship to one another

Answer 39

aperiodic

Question 40

____ spectra are used for aperiodic sounds

Answer 40

Continuous

Question 41

when two or more sound waves meet

Answer 41

wave interference

Question 42

interference between a medium sound is in and the medium the sound is hitting

Answer 42

boundary

Question 43

way sound is altered when it encounters a new medium

Answer 43

boundary behavior

Question 44

original sound wave emanation from vibration source

Answer 44

incident wave

Question 45

three types of boundary behaviors

Answer 45

1. reflection 2. diffraction 3. transmission

Question 46

boundary behavior where sound bounces backwards off second medium

Answer 46

reflection

Question 47

boundary behavior where sound bends around second medium

Answer 47

diffraction

Question 48

boundary behavior where sound goes through second medium

Answer 48

transmission

Question 49

portion of energy from incident wave that gets reflected back during boundary behavior

Answer 49

reflected wave

Question 50

phenomenon that explains ease with which objects set into vibration

Answer 50

resonance

Question 51

degree to which object resists being deformed is an object's ___

Answer 51

Stiffness

Question 52

object’s ability to spring back to resting state once deforming forces removed is its ___

Answer 52

Elasticity

Question 53

a frequency that, when reflected back, produces an interference pattern that appears to stand still

Answer 53

standing wave

Question 54

when object/medium allowed to vibrate freely after initial disturbance

Answer 54

free vibration

Question 55

vibration that comes from an outside source that is itself an oscillator

Answer 55

forced vibration

Question 56

partially or completely closed container which has air set into vibration

Answer 56

acoustic resonator

Question 57

a pressure wave with regions of high and low pressure that is audible to human ear with normal sensitivity

Answer 57

Sound

Question 58

Waves composed of vibrations of particles that move energy from point A to point B

Answer 58

sound waves

Question 59

a back and forth motion

Answer 59

Vibration

Question 60

material through which a wave passes

Answer 60

medium

Question 61

if a medium has greater density, sound will move more ___ through it

Answer 61

slowly

Question 62

if a medium has stronger bonds, sound will move more ____ through it

Answer 62

quickly

Question 63

Symbol for wavelength

Answer 63

λ

Question 64

is speech longitudinal or transverse in waveform?

Answer 64

longitudinal

Question 65

in a simple harmonic wave, the x-axis represents ___ and the y-axis represents ___

Answer 65

time; amplitude of pressure

Question 66

how to calculate frequency

Answer 66

count cycles/second

Question 67

power / area =

Answer 67

intensity

Question 68

easier for humans to hear small differences in ___-frequency sounds rather than ___-frequency sounds

Answer 68

low; high

Question 69

this type of tone makes a single sound wave

Answer 69

pure

Question 70

ID

Answer 70

power spectra

Question 70

this graph answer's the question "which frequencies contains the sound's power"

Answer 70

power spectra

Question 71

two types of interference

Answer 71

constructive and destructive

Question 72

when a sound wave's ___ meet another's ___ OR the first wave's ___ and the second wave's ___ meet, it's constructive interference

Answer 72

rarefaction; rarefaction; compression; compression

Question 73

when one sound wave's ___ meet's another sound wave's ___, it's destructive interference

Answer 73

compression; rarefaction

Question 74

destructive interference has this result to two sounds

Answer 74

cancels it out

Question 75

these two types of boundary behaviors are dominant in speech

Answer 75

reflection and transmission

Question 76

frequency or set of frequencies where object vibrates most easily and with largest amplitude

Answer 76

natural frequency

Question 77

3 factors that can affect an object's natural frequency

Answer 77

LAUNCH SEVEN MISSLES! *twirls mustache* Length/size Stiffness Mass

Question 78

in a standing waves, particles in the ___ of the wave hardly move at all

Answer 78

node

Question 79

amount of energy transferred from one particle to next

Answer 79

Amplitude