Flashcards in Ch. 12- Nervous System Deck (126)
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1
brain
coordinates body functions
2
nerves
transmit messages to and from the central nervous system
3
spinal cord
transmits messages to and from the brain
4
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord. sensory information is processed here, motor messages are sent to muscles and glands
5
peripheral nervous system
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves, divided into the autonomic nervous system and somatic nerves
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neurons
individual nerve cells capable of conducting electrical impulses responding to a stimulus
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three parts of a neuron
dendrites, cell body, axon
8
dendrites
highly branched projections that receive impulses
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cell body
contains nucleus and many other organelles
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axon
projection from nerve cell body that conducts electrical impulse towards its destination
11
synapse
point at which the axon of one neuron meets dendrite of another neuron
12
synaptic cleft
gap between two neurons
13
neurotransmitter
chemical messenger that allows impulses to pass across the synaptic cleft
14
neuroglial cells
cells that DO NOT conduct electrical impulses but have various other functions within the neuron, some produce myelin
15
myelin
fatty substance that acts as insulation for many axons so that they can conduct electrical impulses faster
16
grey matter
in the CNS; comprised of unsheathed or uncovered cell bodies and dendrites
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white matter
myelinated nerve fibers
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tracts
bundles of nerve fibers interconnecting different parts of the CNS
19
meninges
three membranes that encase and protect the CNS
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four sections of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem
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cerebrum
largest section of the brain, processes thoughts, judgment, memory, problem solving, and language, and divided into four lobes
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four lobes of the brain
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
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cerebral cortex
outer layer of the cerebrum composed of folds of grey matter
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gyrus (gyri)
elevated portions of cerebrum
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sulcus (sulci)
fissures separating the gyri
26
cerebral hemispheres
left and right halves of the cerebrum
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frontal lobe
motor function, personality, and speech
28
parietal lobe
receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors and interprets language
29
occipital lobe
vision
30
