Flashcards in Ch. 12- Nervous System Deck (126)
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1
brain
coordinates body functions
2
nerves
transmit messages to and from the central nervous system
3
spinal cord
transmits messages to and from the brain
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central nervous system
brain and spinal cord. sensory information is processed here, motor messages are sent to muscles and glands
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peripheral nervous system
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves, divided into the autonomic nervous system and somatic nerves
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neurons
individual nerve cells capable of conducting electrical impulses responding to a stimulus
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three parts of a neuron
dendrites, cell body, axon
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dendrites
highly branched projections that receive impulses
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cell body
contains nucleus and many other organelles
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axon
projection from nerve cell body that conducts electrical impulse towards its destination
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synapse
point at which the axon of one neuron meets dendrite of another neuron
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synaptic cleft
gap between two neurons
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neurotransmitter
chemical messenger that allows impulses to pass across the synaptic cleft
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neuroglial cells
cells that DO NOT conduct electrical impulses but have various other functions within the neuron, some produce myelin
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myelin
fatty substance that acts as insulation for many axons so that they can conduct electrical impulses faster
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grey matter
in the CNS; comprised of unsheathed or uncovered cell bodies and dendrites
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white matter
myelinated nerve fibers
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tracts
bundles of nerve fibers interconnecting different parts of the CNS
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meninges
three membranes that encase and protect the CNS
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four sections of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem
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cerebrum
largest section of the brain, processes thoughts, judgment, memory, problem solving, and language, and divided into four lobes
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four lobes of the brain
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
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cerebral cortex
outer layer of the cerebrum composed of folds of grey matter
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gyrus (gyri)
elevated portions of cerebrum
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sulcus (sulci)
fissures separating the gyri
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cerebral hemispheres
left and right halves of the cerebrum
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frontal lobe
motor function, personality, and speech
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parietal lobe
receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors and interprets language
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occipital lobe
vision
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