Flashcards in Ch. 11-Endocrine System Deck (113)
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1
pineal gland
regulates circadian rhythms
2
thyroid and parathyroid glands
regulate metabolic rate and blood calcium level
3
adrenal glands
regulate water and electrolyte levels
4
pancreas
regulates blood sugar levels
5
pituitary gland
regulates many other endocrine glands
6
thymus gland
development of immune system
7
ovaries
regulate female reproductive system
8
testes
regulate male reproductive system
9
endocrine system
collection of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
10
hormones
chemicals that act on their target organs to either increase of decrease the target's activity level
11
homeostasis
maintaining a stable internal environment; endocrine system is responsible for this
12
exocrine glands
release hormones into a duct that carries them outside the body
13
endocrine glands
release hormones directly into the bloodstream, aka ductless glands
14
endocrine system consists of:
two adrenal glands, two ovaries, four parathyroid glands, pancreas, pineal gland, pituitary gland, two testes, thymus gland, and thyroid gland
15
where are adrenal glands located?
above each kidney
16
two sections of the adrenal gland
adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
17
adrenal cortex
manufactures corticosteroids (mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and steroid sex hormones)
18
mineralocorticoids
aldosterone, regulates sodium
19
glucocorticoids
cortisol, regulates carbohydrates
20
steroid sex hormones
androgens (may be converted to estrogen in bloodstream), regulates secondary sexual characteristics
21
adrenal medulla
secretes epinephrine (aka adrenaline & norepinephrine) which is important during emergency situations because it allows the body to perform better
22
where are the ovaries located?
lower abdominopelvic cavity, female gonads
23
gonads
organs that produce gametes or the reproductive sex cells
24
ova
female gametes
25
what do ovaries produce?
estrogen and progesterone
26
estrogen
responsible for female sexual characteristics and regulation of menstrual cycle
27
progesterone
maintains a suitable uterine environment for pregnancy
28
where is the pancreas located?
along the lower curvature of the stomach
29
the pancreas is the only organ that has what?
both endocrine and exocrine functions: exocrine portion releases digestive enzymes into the duodenum, endocrine section produce insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar
30
