ch 13 Flashcards by Parker Peterson

What is shock

a state of inadequate tissue perfusion

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What is perfusion

the circulation of blood to meet the cells’ needs for oxygen and nutrients

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What are the three components of the perfusion triangle

heart (pump) blood vessels (container) blood (content)

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What happens when one part of the perfusion triangle fails

shock occurs

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What are the main types of shock

hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive

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What is cardiogenic shock

shock caused by inadequate heart function

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What are signs of cardiogenic shock

hypotension chest pain pulmonary edema weak pulse

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What is obstructive shock

shock caused by physical obstruction of the heart or great vessels

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What are examples of obstructive shock

cardiac tamponade tension pneumothorax pulmonary embolism

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What is hypovolemic shock

shock from low blood volume

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What causes hypovolemic shock

trauma hemorrhage burns dehydration

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What is distributive shock

shock from widespread vessel dilation

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What are types of distributive shock

septic neurogenic anaphylactic psychogenic

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What is septic shock

shock caused by severe infection and toxin damage

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What are signs of septic shock

warm skin fever hypotension and altered mental status

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What is neurogenic shock

shock from spinal cord injury disrupting sympathetic tone

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What are signs of neurogenic shock

hypotension bradycardia and warm dry skin

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What is anaphylactic shock

shock from a severe allergic reaction

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What are signs of anaphylactic shock

rash wheezing hypotension and swelling

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What is psychogenic shock

temporary vascular dilation causing fainting

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What causes psychogenic shock

emotional stress pain or fear

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What is compensated shock

early stage where the body can still maintain perfusion

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What are signs of compensated shock

anxiety tachycardia cool clammy skin and normal BP

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What is decompensated shock

late stage when perfusion fails and BP drops

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What are signs of decompensated shock

hypotension altered LOC and weak or absent pulses

What is irreversible shock

terminal stage where cell death occurs

What is the EMT treatment for shock

high-flow oxygen keep warm rapid transport control bleeding and position appropriately

What should be done before treating shock

manage airway and breathing

What is the best position for a shock patient (if no trauma)

supine

When should you not give fluids in shock

if protocols restrict it or transport is very short

Why is early recognition of shock important

to prevent progression and improve survival

What are signs of internal bleeding causing shock

bruising distension pain signs of hypoperfusion

What does the term “hypoperfusion” mean

inadequate flow of blood to body tissues

Which body systems are most sensitive to hypoperfusion

brain heart kidneys

What vital sign change is often an early indicator of shock

increased heart rate (tachycardia)

What causes cool clammy skin in shock

low BP, a response to not having enough blood in circulation

Why does respiratory rate increase in shock

to compensate for hypoxia and acidosis

What is the primary hormone responsible for vasoconstriction during shock

epinephrine

What is cardiac tamponade

fluid in the pericardial sac that compresses the heart

What is Beck’s triad

signs of cardiac tamponade: JVD muffled heart sounds narrowing pulse pressure

What is tension pneumothorax

air trapped in the pleural space compresses the lung and heart

What are signs of tension pneumothorax

absent breath sounds on one side JVD tracheal deviation

What is the primary cause of neurogenic shock

spinal cord injury that interrupts sympathetic nervous system control

What is the hallmark sign of neurogenic shock

hypotension with bradycardia

What distinguishes anaphylactic shock from other forms

rapid onset of airway swelling hives hypotension

What is the treatment for anaphylactic shock

epinephrine IM oxygen and rapid transport

What is the treatment priority for all shock types

airway breathing circulation and transport

Why is body temperature control important in shock

hypothermia worsens perfusion and clotting

What should you do if a shock patient has no radial pulse but a carotid pulse

assume hypotension and decompensated shock

What should you avoid giving to a patient in shock

food or drink

Why is high-flow oxygen indicated in shock

to increase oxygen delivery to hypoxic tissues

What should you always reassess in a shock patient

airway breathing circulation mental status vitals

Why is early transport key in shock

definitive treatment often requires hospital care (e.g. fluids surgery antibiotics)

What type of shock is a trauma patient with significant blood loss likely experiencing

hypovolemic shock

What are immediate interventions for a bleeding trauma patient

control bleeding high-flow oxygen supine position rapid transport

What signs indicate compensated shock

tachycardia cool/clammy skin anxiety normal or slightly low BP

A patient with hives wheezing and hypotension after eating peanuts is experiencing what type of shock

anaphylactic shock

What is the immediate treatment for anaphylactic shock

intramuscular epinephrine and high-flow oxygen

Why is epinephrine critical in anaphylactic shock

it reverses airway swelling and vasodilation

A patient with spinal trauma and hypotension but normal heart rate is likely experiencing what type of shock

neurogenic shock

Why is bradycardia sometimes seen in neurogenic shock

loss of sympathetic tone

What is a key sign that distinguishes neurogenic shock from other types

warm dry skin with hypotension and bradycardia

A febrile patient with hot skin low BP high HR and altered mental status is likely in what type of shock

septic shock

What causes low BP in septic shock

widespread vasodilation and capillary leakage

What is the EMT management for septic shock

oxygen keep warm rapid transportconsider ALS backup

A trauma patient with JVD muffled heart sounds and narrowing pulse pressure likely has what condition

cardiac tamponade

What type of shock does cardiac tamponade cause

obstructive shock

What is the EMS treatment for cardiac tamponade

support ABCs oxygen rapid transport (ALS if available)

A hiker with dry mucosa tachycardia and hypotension likely has what type of shock

hypovolemic shock from dehydration

What is the difference between dehydration shock and hemorrhagic shock

no bleeding is present in dehydration

How should you manage shock from dehydration

oxygen keep warm supine position transport for IV fluids

A patient who faints from fear or stress is experiencing what type of shock

psychogenic shock

Is long-term treatment usually needed for psychogenic shock

no unless an injury occurred from the fall

What should you assess after syncope

airway breathing circulation LOC and trauma from the fall

ch 13 Flashcards

(74 cards)