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EMT > ch 20 > Flashcards

ch 20 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What is the primary hormone missing in Type 1 diabetes

A

Insulin

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2
Q

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes

A

Type 1 is insulin-dependent and Type 2 is insulin-resistant

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3
Q

What are signs of hypoglycemia

A

Confusion diaphoresis tremors tachycardia altered LOC

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4
Q

What are signs of hyperglycemia

A

Polyuria polydipsia polyphagia warm dry skin acetone breath

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5
Q

What causes diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

Lack of insulin leading to fat metabolism and ketone production

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6
Q

What is the typical blood glucose level for DKA

A

Above 350 mg/dL

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7
Q

What are signs of DKA

A

Abdominal pain Kussmaul respirations fruity breath vomiting

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8
Q

What is the treatment for hypoglycemia if patient can swallow

A

Oral glucose

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9
Q

What is the treatment for hypoglycemia if the patient cannot swallow

A

IV dextrose or IM glucagon (ALS support)

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10
Q

What is sickle cell disease

A

A genetic disorder causing abnormally shaped red blood cells

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11
Q

What are complications of sickle cell crisis

A

Vaso-occlusion pain stroke acute chest syndrome infection

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12
Q

What is hemophilia

A

A disorder in which blood doesn’t clot normally

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13
Q

What is a key emergency concern in hemophilia

A

Uncontrolled internal or external bleeding

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14
Q

What are signs of vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis

A

Joint pain chest pain fever fatigue

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15
Q

What is polyuria

A

Excessive urination

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16
Q

What is polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

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17
Q

What is polyphagia

A

Excessive hunger

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18
Q

What is the priority in diabetic emergencies

A

Blood glucose check and airway management

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19
Q

Why are diabetics prone to infection

A

Elevated glucose suppresses immune function

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20
Q

What should be done if a diabetic patient is unresponsive

A

Treat as hypoglycemia until proven otherwise

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21
Q

A 16-year-old with known Type 1 diabetes is found confused and sweating Glucometer reads 42 mg/dL

A

Hypoglycemia – administer oral glucose if alert and able to swallow

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22
Q

An elderly woman with Type 2 diabetes is lethargic has dry mucosa and a glucose of 640 mg/dL

A

Hyperglycemia – transport monitor airway support as needed

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23
Q

A teen presents with deep rapid breathing and fruity-smelling breath His BG is 455 mg/dL

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

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24
Q

A diabetic patient is unconscious with shallow breathing No glucometer is available

A

Treat as hypoglycemia – administer oral glucose if possible or request ALS

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25
A man with sickle cell anemia complains of severe joint pain and chest pain with shortness of breath
Sickle cell crisis – high-flow O2 pain management (ALS) rapid transport
26
A woman with hemophilia has sustained a minor fall but now has bruising and swelling in her abdomen
Internal bleeding – treat for shock rapid transport
27
A diabetic patient with altered mental status says he hasn’t eaten all day but took his insulin
Hypoglycemia – check BG and treat appropriately
28
A child with sickle cell disease presents with fever and abdominal pain after a recent illness
Suspected sickle cell crisis or infection – monitor closely transport
29
A patient is found confused and combative with cool clammy skin Family says he “acted fine” earlier
Suspected hypoglycemia – check BG immediately
30
A known diabetic presents with nausea vomiting weakness and abdominal pain BG is 520 mg/dL
Likely DKA – airway support oxygen if needed transport
31
What causes Type 1 diabetes
Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells
32
What causes Type 2 diabetes
Insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency
33
What is the most serious complication of Type 1 diabetes
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
34
What is diabetic ketoacidosis
A condition where lack of insulin causes the body to burn fat leading to ketone buildup and acidosis
35
What are classic signs of DKA
Kussmaul respirations fruity breath abdominal pain dehydration
36
What is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)
A complication of Type 2 diabetes with high glucose and dehydration but no ketones
37
What differentiates HHNS from DKA
HHNS has higher glucose levels and no significant acidosis or ketones
38
What are signs of HHNS
Altered mental status dehydration vision changes seizures
39
What causes hypoglycemia in diabetics
Too much insulin not enough food excessive exercise or vomiting
40
What are signs of hypoglycemia
Pale cool skin confusion irritability seizures possible coma
41
What is sickle cell disease
A genetic condition causing red blood cells to become crescent shaped and clog blood vessels
42
What is a sickle cell crisis
Painful episode due to vaso-occlusion from sickled cells blocking blood flow
43
What are common complications of sickle cell disease
Stroke acute chest syndrome infection organ damage
44
What are signs of sickle cell crisis
Severe pain fever shortness of breath joint swelling
45
What is hemophilia
A disorder in which the body lacks clotting factors leading to excessive bleeding
46
What is the biggest risk with hemophilia
Uncontrolled internal or external bleeding after injury
47
What is the emergency treatment priority for hemophilia
Minimize bleeding treat for shock transport quickly
48
What is the role of oxygen in sickle cell crisis
Helps improve oxygen delivery to tissues and reduce sickling
49
What can mimic stroke symptoms in a diabetic
Hypoglycemia
50
What is a normal blood glucose level
80–120 mg/dL
51
What is considered hypoglycemia
Below 70 mg/dL
52
What is considered hyperglycemia
Over 200 mg/dL
53
When can you give oral glucose
When the patient is alert able to follow commands and can swallow
54
What is the typical dose of oral glucose
15–25 grams
55
Why is reassessment important in diabetic emergencies
To monitor for changes after treatment
56
Why might a hypoglycemic patient appear angry or confused
Low blood sugar affects brain function rapidly
57
When should ALS be activated in diabetic emergencies
If the patient is unconscious or cannot safely take oral glucose
58
When should ALS be called for sickle cell crisis
If the patient has respiratory distress or altered mental status
59
When should ALS be called for hemophilia
If there is suspected internal bleeding or bleeding that won’t stop
60
Why is scene safety important in diabetic calls
Because hypoglycemia can be mistaken for psychiatric or intoxicated behavior
61
Why is it important to ask hematologic patients about their baseline
They often know what is normal for their condition

EMT (24 decks)

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