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EMT > ch 14 > Flashcards

ch 14 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What are the key components of BLS

A

Recognition of cardiac arrest High-quality CPR Early defibrillation Rapid transport

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2
Q

What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR

A

30:2 for single rescuer

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3
Q

How deep should chest compressions be in adults

A

At least 2 inches (5 cm)

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4
Q

What is the recommended compression rate for CPR

A

100 to 120 compressions per minute

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5
Q

When should an AED be used

A

As soon as it is available

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6
Q

What is the first step when you find an unresponsive adult

A

Check for responsiveness and breathing

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7
Q

How long should you check for a pulse

A

No more than 10 seconds

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8
Q

Where do you check a pulse in an unresponsive adult

A

Carotid artery

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9
Q

What should you do if there is no breathing and no pulse

A

Begin chest compressions immediately

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10
Q

What is the purpose of defibrillation

A

To stop abnormal heart rhythms (like ventricular fibrillation) and allow normal rhythm to resume

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11
Q

What is the most common initial rhythm in sudden cardiac arrest

A

Ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib)

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12
Q

What does AED stand for

A

Automated External Defibrillator

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13
Q

Why is early defibrillation important

A

It significantly increases survival chances in cardiac arrest

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14
Q

What is the preferred method of opening the airway in a patient without trauma

A

Head-tilt chin-lift

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15
Q

What is the method used to open the airway if trauma is suspected

A

Jaw-thrust maneuver

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16
Q

When should you stop CPR

A

ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation) exhaustion or valid DNR higher care provider hand off dangerous environment

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17
Q

What should you do immediately after a shock is delivered by the AED

A

Resume CPR starting with chest compressions

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18
Q

What are signs of effective CPR

A

Chest rise with ventilations full chest recoil minimal interruptions

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19
Q

How often should you switch compressors during CPR

A

Every 2 minutes or sooner if fatigued

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20
Q

What is ROSC

A

Return of Spontaneous Circulation

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21
Q

How should you ventilate a adult patient with a pulse but inadequate breathing

A

1 breath every 5–6 seconds

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22
Q

What should be done if a patient has a pulse but is unresponsive and not breathing

A

Provide rescue breaths and monitor pulse

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23
Q

What special considerations apply for AED use on children

A

Use pediatric pads and energy settings if available

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24
Q

What should you do if the patient is wet before using an AED

A

Dry the chest before pad placement

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25
What is agonal breathing
Ineffective gasping breaths that are not adequate for oxygenation
26
What are contraindications for AED use
None in true cardiac arrest (including pregnancy and pacemakers — just use proper pad placement)
27
What is the chain of survival in adult cardiac arrest
Immediate recognition early CPR rapid defibrillation advanced life support post-cardiac care
28
What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for 1-rescuer CPR in infants and children
30:2
29
What is the ratio for 2-rescuer CPR in infants and children
15: 2
30
How deep should compressions be in infants
About 1.5 inches (4 cm) or 1/3 the chest depth
31
How deep should compressions be in children
About 2 inches (5 cm) or 1/3 the chest depth
32
Where do you check the pulse in an infant
Brachial artery
33
Where do you check the pulse in a child
Carotid or femoral artery
34
What is the preferred compression method for a single rescuer in infant CPR
Two fingers in the center of the chest just below the nipple line
35
What compression method is used for 2-rescuer infant CPR
Two-thumb encircling hands technique
36
What is the ventilation rate for a child or infant with a pulse but inadequate breathing
1 breath every 3–5 seconds
37
When should an AED be applied in a pediatric cardiac arrest
As soon as available; use pediatric pads and dose attenuator if available
38
What do you do if pediatric AED pads are not available
Use adult pads one front and one back if needed
39
Why do most pediatric cardiac arrests occur
Respiratory failure or shock not cardiac origin
40
What should you do if you find an unresponsive child and are alone
Perform 2 minutes of CPR before activating EMS and getting an AED
41
What is a sign of effective pediatric CPR
Visible chest rise proper rate and depth and minimal interruptions
42
What rate should compressions be given in pediatric CPR
100–120 per minute
43
You arrive to find a 60-year-old man collapsed and unresponsive with no pulse What do you do first?
Start high-quality CPR and have someone retrieve and apply an AED.
44
A patient goes into cardiac arrest in a grocery store with an AED nearby What’s your next step after confirming no pulse?
Start CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible.
45
You witness a child collapse they’re unresponsive and not breathing What’s your first step?
Activate EMS if alone and begin CPR immediately.
46
You’ve been doing CPR and an AED says “no shock advised” What should you do next?
Resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes and reanalyze afterward.
47
During CPR a patient begins to move and breathe normally What should you do?
stop CPR
48
You find a patient with a pacemaker and need to use an AED What should you do?
Place AED pads at least 1 inch away from the pacemaker.
49
You are performing CPR on a patient when a second provider arrives What should you do?
Have the second provider take over compressions after 2 minutes and assist with ventilations or AED.
50
You are alone and find an infant who is unresponsive and not breathing What should you do?
Perform 2 minutes of CPR then activate EMS and get an AED if not already done.
51
You’ve shocked a patient with an AED and there is no response What’s next?
Resume CPR immediately for another 2 minutes before reassessing.
52
Why is full chest recoil important during CPR
It allows the heart to refill with blood
53
How long should interruptions in chest compressions be
Less than 10 seconds
54
What is a common cause of pediatric cardiac arrest
Hypoxia or respiratory failure
55
What is emphasized more in pediatric BLS compared to adult BLS
Ventilation
56
What device is preferred for a single rescuer providing breaths
Pocket mask with one-way valve
57
What device is preferred for two rescuers providing breaths
Bag-valve mask (BVM)
58
How long should each rescue breath last
1 second
59
How often should you give breaths with an advanced airway in place
1 breath every 6 seconds
60
Should you pause compressions when an advanced airway is in place
No continue compressions without pause
61
What should you do if the AED pads won’t stick due to wet skin
Dry the chest
62
What should you do if the patient has a hairy chest and pads won’t stick
Shave the area quickly
63
Why should you not use an AED in a moving ambulance
It can interfere with rhythm analysis and shock delivery
64
How should you place AED pads on a small child or infant
One pad on chest one pad on back (anteroposterior)
65
What position helps improve circulation during CPR in pregnancy
Manual uterine displacement or left-lateral tilt
66
What airway technique should you use in trauma patients
Jaw-thrust maneuver
67
What is the priority in drowning-related cardiac arrest
Ventilation
68
How should hypothermic cardiac arrest be handled
Prolonged resuscitation avoid shocking until rewarmed
69
Why is closed-loop communication important during CPR
It ensures clear instructions and accountability
70
What is the role of the CPR team leader
Coordinate efforts and minimize interruptions

EMT (24 decks)

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