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Question 1

What is the most common cause of a stroke

Answer 1

Ischemia due to a blockage of blood flow to the brain

Question 2

What are the two main types of stroke

Answer 2

Ischemic and hemorrhagic

Question 3

What is an ischemic stroke

Answer 3

A stroke caused by a blockage in a blood vessel in the brain

Question 4

What is a hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 4

A stroke caused by bleeding into or around the brain

Question 5

What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer 5

A “mini-stroke” where symptoms resolve within 24 hours

Question 6

Why is a TIA an emergency

Answer 6

It is a warning sign of a possible full stroke

Question 7

What does the acronym FAST stand for

Answer 7

Face drooping Arm weakness Speech difficulty Time to call 911

Question 8

What is the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale used for

Answer 8

Identifying possible stroke in the field

Question 9

What is a seizure

Answer 9

A sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain

Question 10

What are the two main categories of seizures

Answer 10

Generalized and focal (partial)

Question 11

What is a generalized seizure

Answer 11

A seizure that affects both hemispheres of the brain (often with loss of consciousness)

Question 12

What is a focal (partial) seizure

Answer 12

A seizure that affects only part of the brain; may or may not affect consciousness

Question 13

What is status epilepticus

Answer 13

A seizure lasting more than 5 minutes or multiple seizures without regaining consciousness

Question 14

What is postictal state

Answer 14

The period following a seizure (marked by confusion and fatigue)

Question 15

What is syncope

Answer 15

A temporary loss of consciousness (fainting) due to insufficient blood flow to the brain

Question 16

What is the most important tool for identifying a stroke

Answer 16

A thorough history and physical exam using stroke scales

Question 17

What are common causes of altered mental status

Answer 17

Stroke seizure hypoglycemia trauma infection drugs/alcohol

Question 18

What is the priority treatment for a stroke patient

Answer 18

Rapid recognition oxygen if needed and immediate transport to a stroke center

Question 19

Should you give anything by mouth to a stroke patient

Answer 19

No due to risk of aspiration

Question 20

Why is time critical in stroke management

Answer 20

Some treatments like thrombolytics must be given within a few hours of symptom onset

Question 21

What part of the brain controls movement speech and thought

Answer 21

Cerebrum

Question 22

What part of the brain coordinates muscle activity and balance

Answer 22

Cerebellum

Question 23

What does the brainstem control

Answer 23

Basic life functions like breathing heart rate and consciousness

Question 24

What arteries supply the brain with blood

Answer 24

Carotid and vertebral arteries

Question 25

What is aphasia

Answer 25

Difficulty in producing or understanding speech

Question 26

What is expressive aphasia

Answer 26

Patient understands but cannot speak or has difficulty forming words

Question 27

What is receptive aphasia

Answer 27

Patient speaks clearly but the words do not make sense or they don’t understand others

Question 28

What is dysarthria

Answer 28

Slurred or poorly articulated speech

Question 29

What are some signs of stroke

Answer 29

Facial droop arm drift slurred speech confusion vision problems headache weakness

Question 30

What are common causes of hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 30

High blood pressure aneurysms or trauma

Question 31

What are common risk factors for stroke

Answer 31

Hypertension diabetes smoking atrial fibrillation age family history

Question 32

What does “time is brain” mean in stroke care

Answer 32

The longer the brain lacks oxygen the more permanent damage occurs

Question 33

What should you find out during stroke history

Answer 33

Time of symptom onset (or last known normal) and medications (especially blood thinners)

Question 34

What is the difference between a simple and complex partial seizure

Answer 34

Simple has no loss of consciousness; complex involves altered mental status

Question 35

What is an aura

Answer 35

A warning sensation before a seizure such as a smell taste or visual disturbance

Question 36

What is the priority during an active seizure

Answer 36

Ensure scene safety protect patient from injury and provide oxygen if possible

Question 37

How should you position a postictal patient

Answer 37

On their side (recovery position) to maintain airway

Question 38

What should you suspect in any patient with AMS

Answer 38

Hypoglycemia stroke seizure trauma drugs infection

Question 39

What should you check first in a patient with AMS

Answer 39

Blood glucose level

Question 40

When should you suspect a structural brain problem

Answer 40

when there is gradual onset of AMS

Question 41

When should you suspect a metabolic cause of AMS

Answer 41

With more generalized symptoms like confusion shaking or hypoglycemia

Question 42

What is syncope most often caused by

Answer 42

A temporary drop in blood flow or oxygen to the brain

Question 43

What distinguishes syncope from seizure

Answer 43

Syncope usually has quicker recovery and no postictal confusion

Question 44

Most common type of stroke

Answer 44

Ischemic stroke

Question 45

Primary cause of ischemic stroke

Answer 45

Blood clot blocking cerebral artery

Question 46

Primary cause of hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 46

Ruptured blood vessel in brain

Question 47

Key symptom of stroke affecting left hemisphere

Answer 47

Aphasia (speech/language problems)

Question 48

Key symptom of stroke affecting right hemisphere

Answer 48

Neglect poor awareness movement deficits

Question 49

Stroke mimic that resolves within 24 hours

Answer 49

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Question 50

Stroke scale used in the field

Answer 50

Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale

Question 51

Aphasia

Answer 51

Inability or difficulty speaking or understanding speech

Question 52

Treatment priority for stroke

Answer 52

Rapid transport to stroke center

Question 53

Common cause of seizures in adults

Answer 53

Epilepsy trauma tumors stroke

Question 54

Common cause of seizures in children

Answer 54

Fever (febrile seizures)

Question 55

Generalized seizure

Answer 55

Involves entire brain causes loss of consciousness

Question 56

Tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 56

Full-body stiffening followed by rhythmic jerking

Question 57

Partial seizure

Answer 57

Affects one part of brain; may not involve LOC

Question 58

Complex partial seizure

Answer 58

Altered mental status may include automatisms (involuntary repetitive movements)

Question 59

Postictal state

Answer 59

Recovery period after seizure with confusion and fatigue

Question 60

What is included in initial seizure care

Answer 60

Protect airway prevent injury administer oxygen

Question 61

Definition of syncope

Answer 61

Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased brain perfusion

Question 62

Common causes of syncope

Answer 62

Vasovagal reaction low blood pressure dehydration arrhythmia

Question 63

Clues to having syncope not a seizure

Answer 63

No postictal state quick recovery brief LOC

Question 64

Syncope on exertion may indicate

Answer 64

Cardiac cause (dangerous needs evaluation)

Question 65

Patient position for syncope recovery

Answer 65

Supine with legs elevated

Question 66

Key history question for syncope

Answer 66

What were you doing just before it happened?

Question 67

Why is the “last known well” time important

Answer 67

It determines if the patient is eligible for clot-busting medication

Question 68

What are clues a patient had a seizure and not syncope

Answer 68

Tongue biting incontinence postictal confusion muscle twitching

Question 69

What are clues a patient had syncope and not a seizure

Answer 69

Quick recovery pale skin no confusion after brief LOC

Question 70

What does AEIOU-TIPS stand for

Answer 70

Alcohol Epilepsy/Endocrine/Electrolytes Insulin Overdose Uremia Trauma/Temperature Infection Psychogenic Stroke/Seizure/Shock/Syncope

Question 71

Name a stroke mimic that looks like facial droop but isn’t a stroke

Answer 71

Bell’s Palsy

Question 72

Name three stroke mimics

Answer 72

Hypoglycemia postictal state Bell’s palsy

Question 73

What is CPSS used for

Answer 73

Rapid prehospital stroke identification

Question 74

What are the three components of CPSS

Answer 74

Facial droop arm drift slurred speech

Question 75

Why is reassessment critical in neurologic patients

Answer 75

Conditions like stroke or brain bleed can worsen quickly

Question 76

When should you give oxygen to a stroke patient

Answer 76

Only if SpO2 is below 94% or the patient is in respiratory distress

Question 77

Why shouldn’t you give high-flow O2 to all stroke patients

Answer 77

It may worsen outcomes unless patient is hypoxic

Question 78

What should you do during an active seizure

Answer 78

Protect from injury do not restrain monitor airway

Question 79

How should you protect a seizing patient

Answer 79

Move objects away cushion head place in recovery position after

Question 80

What are signs of a worsening neurologic emergency

Answer 80

Decreased LOC unequal pupils vomiting new confusion

Question 81

An elderly woman suddenly develops right-sided weakness and slurred speech. Her symptoms began 30 minutes ago and she’s still alert

Answer 81

Suspected stroke activate stroke alert and transport rapidly

Question 82

A man had a full-body seizure lasting 3 minutes. He’s now confused sleepy and slow to answer questions

Answer 82

Postictal state following a generalized seizure

Question 83

A teen collapses while standing in line at a concert. Bystanders report she was pale and regained consciousness quickly

Answer 83

Suspected vasovagal syncope

Question 84

A child with a high fever begins seizing in front of caregivers The seizure lasts 2 minutes and resolves without meds

Answer 84

Febrile seizure ensure airway and monitor

Question 85

Your patient presents with stroke-like symptoms that fully resolve within 10 minutes

Answer 85

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) still needs rapid transport

Question 86

A 40-year-old diabetic male is confused combative and sweating. His glucometer reading is 34 mg/dL

Answer 86

Hypoglycemia mimicking stroke treat with oral glucose or IV dextrose

Question 87

A patient is having repetitive seizures without waking up in between

Answer 87

Status epilepticus

Question 88

A woman complains of a severe headache neck stiffness and photophobia. Vitals are stable but she seems disoriented

Answer 88

Possible meningitis or brain bleed isolate and transport

Question 89

A male is found down unresponsive with a history of heroin use. His pupils are pinpoint and respirations are slow

Answer 89

Opiate overdose causing altered mental status

Question 90

A patient has facial droop and slurred speech but can raise both arms evenly and is alert

Answer 90

Suspected stroke perform full stroke scale and transport to stroke center

Question 91

A teen stares blankly and smacks his lips for 30 seconds without falling. He is confused afterward

Answer 91

Complex partial seizure

Question 92

A woman reports dizziness nausea and brief loss of consciousness after getting up quickly

Answer 92

Likely orthostatic syncope evaluate for dehydration or underlying cause