ch 19 Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
What does the peritoneum line
A
The abdominal cavity
2
Q
What is the difference between visceral and parietal peritoneum
A
Visceral lines the organs parietal lines the abdominal wall
3
Q
What is peritonitis
A
Inflammation of the peritoneum often caused by infection or rupture
4
Q
What is referred pain
A
Pain perceived at a location other than the site of origin
5
Q
What is the hallmark symptom of peritonitis
A
Severe abdominal pain and guarding
6
Q
What is the function of the liver
A
Detoxification protein synthesis bile production
7
Q
What does the gallbladder do
A
Stores and concentrates bile
8
Q
What is cholecystitis
A
Inflammation of the gallbladder usually caused by gallstones
9
Q
What are signs of cholecystitis
A
RUQ pain nausea vomiting worse after fatty meals
10
Q
What is pancreatitis
A
Inflammation of the pancreas often from alcohol use or gallstones
11
Q
What is appendicitis
A
Inflammation of the appendix that may rupture and cause peritonitis
12
Q
What are signs of appendicitis
A
RLQ pain fever nausea pain starting near umbilicus
13
Q
What is gastrointestinal bleeding
A
Bleeding anywhere in the GI tract
14
Q
What are signs of upper GI bleed
A
Hematemesis (vomiting blood) melena (black tarry stools)
15
Q
What are signs of lower GI bleed
A
Bright red blood in stool
16
Q
What is a common sign of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
A
Sudden tearing pain in abdomen or back with signs of shock
17
Q
What is dialysis used for
A
Removing waste products from the blood in patients with kidney failure
18
Q
What is a common complication of peritoneal dialysis
A
Peritonitis
19
Q
What are symptoms of a kidney stone
A
Flank pain radiating to groin nausea hematuria (blood in urine)
20
Q
What is uremia
A
Buildup of waste products in the blood due to kidney failure
21
Q
What is cystitis
A
Bladder infection usually caused by UTI
22
Q
What is the treatment priority in GI or urologic emergencies
A
Manage shock provide supportive care transport promptly
23
Q
What are common symptoms of appendicitis
A
RLQ pain fever nausea pain that may start near the umbilicus
24
Q
What is a major complication of untreated appendicitis
A
Peritonitis from a ruptured appendix
25
What are signs of cholecystitis
RUQ pain especially after fatty meals nausea vomiting possible referred pain to right shoulder
26
What is the typical cause of cholecystitis
Gallstones blocking the cystic duct
27
What are symptoms of pancreatitis
Severe upper abdominal pain radiating to the back nausea vomiting
28
What are common causes of pancreatitis
Alcohol abuse gallstones certain medications
29
What are signs of a GI bleed
Vomiting blood black tarry stools bright red rectal bleeding signs of shock
30
What distinguishes an upper GI bleed from a lower GI bleed
Upper has hematemesis and melena lower has bright red blood in stool
31
What is esophageal varices
Swollen veins in the esophagus often due to liver disease
32
What are signs of esophageal varices rupture
Sudden massive vomiting of bright red blood signs of shock
33
What are symptoms of peptic ulcer disease
Burning or gnawing stomach pain that may improve or worsen with eating
34
What are signs of a bowel obstruction
Abdominal distension pain constipation vomiting
35
What are symptoms of diverticulitis
LLQ pain fever body aches nausea vomiting
36
What is a kidney stone
Crystallized minerals in the urinary tract that cause intense pain when passing
37
What are symptoms of kidney stones
Sudden severe flank pain radiating to groin nausea vomiting hematuria
38
What is cystitis
Bladder infection causing painful urination frequent urination lower abdominal pain
39
What is uremia
Buildup of waste products in the blood due to kidney failure
40
What are complications of uremia
Confusion seizures pericarditis coma
41
What is peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum usually due to infection or internal rupture
42
What are signs of peritonitis
Abdominal pain guarding rigidity fever signs of sepsis
43
Your patient has RLQ pain fever and nausea that started near the belly button
Suspect appendicitis
44
A 45-year-old female complains of RUQ pain after eating a greasy meal
Suspect cholecystitis
45
A patient with a history of alcohol abuse has severe epigastric pain radiating to the back
Suspect pancreatitis
46
An elderly male has bright red blood in the toilet and reports dizziness
Suspect lower GI bleed
47
A patient has black tarry stools and reports weakness and vague abdominal pain
Suspect upper GI bleed
48
A dialysis patient has abdominal pain fever and signs of infection
Suspect peritonitis from peritoneal dialysis
49
A patient reports flank pain that radiates to the groin and has blood in urine
Suspect kidney stone
50
A patient on home dialysis has missed treatments and presents with confusion and uremic breath
Suspect uremia
51
A woman complains of burning urination frequent urge and lower abdominal discomfort
Suspect cystitis or UTI
52
A patient with history of liver disease vomits large amounts of bright red blood
Suspect ruptured esophageal varices
53
A 60-year-old man has sudden tearing abdominal pain radiating to the back with a pulsating mass
Suspect abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture
54
A patient has left lower quadrant pain with fever and constipation
Suspect diverticulitis
55
A patient has generalized abdominal pain with guarding and rebound tenderness
Suspect peritonitis possibly from GI rupture
56
What are the signs and symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
Sudden severe abdominal pain radiating to the back with a pulsating mass
57
What is the treatment for a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Immediate transport to a trauma center manage shock and airway avoid abdominal palpation
58
What are the signs and symptoms of diverticulitis
LLQ pain fever nausea constipation
59
What is the management for diverticulitis
Supportive care hydration and transport for antibiotics or surgical intervention if necessary
60
What are the signs and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Heartburn regurgitation chest pain that mimics cardiac pain
61
What is the management for GERD
Patient positioning (elevate the head) transport if symptoms are severe
62
What are the signs and symptoms of peritonitis
Severe abdominal pain rigidity guarding signs of shock
63
What is the management for peritonitis
Stabilize the patient ensure ABCs transport quickly due to risk of sepsis
64
What are the signs and symptoms of renal failure/uremia
Confusion altered mental status swelling fatigue nausea and uremic breath
65
What is the management for uremia
Monitor for electrolyte imbalances ensure airway support transport to a facility capable of managing renal failure
66
What are the signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction
Abdominal distension vomiting constipation colicky abdominal pain
67
What is the management for intestinal obstruction
Do not administer anything by mouth monitor for shock transport for surgical intervention
68
What are the signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids
Bright red blood in stool itching pain during defecation
69
What is the management for hemorrhoids
Symptomatic treatment (e.g. sitz baths) ensure comfort transport if complications occur
70
What are the signs and symptoms of a kidney infection (pyelonephritis)
Flank pain fever chills nausea vomiting dysuria
71
What is the management for a kidney infection
Monitor for signs of sepsis transport for antibiotics and further treatment
72
What are the signs and symptoms of acute urinary retention
Inability to urinate despite feeling the urge distended bladder discomfort
73
What is the management for acute urinary retention
Monitor for infection transport to a medical facility for possible catheterization
74
A 65-year-old male presents with sudden severe abdominal pain radiating to his back and has a pulsating mass in his abdomen
Suspect abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
75
A 40-year-old female complains of sharp localized pain in her left lower abdomen fever nausea and constipation
Suspect diverticulitis
76
A 50-year-old male reports a burning sensation in his chest after eating and he is also experiencing regurgitation
Suspect gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
77
A 70-year-old female presents with severe abdominal pain rigidity and guarding with a history of recent abdominal surgery
Suspect peritonitis
78
A 55-year-old male with a history of chronic alcohol use presents with severe upper abdominal pain radiating to his back
Suspect pancreatitis
79
A 60-year-old male with a history of liver disease vomits large amounts of bright red blood and appears hypotensive
Suspect ruptured esophageal varices
80
A 45-year-old female presents with flank pain nausea vomiting and blood in her urine
Suspect kidney stone
81
A 30-year-old male reports an inability to urinate
with a distended bladder and discomfort
82
A 50-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with altered mental status fatigue and uremic breath
Suspect uremia from kidney failure
83
A 25-year-old male reports severe pain in his right lower abdomen fever and nausea that started near his belly button
Suspect appendicitis
84
A 65-year-old male complains of LLQ pain fever and chill and has not had a bowel movement in several days
Suspect intestinal obstruction
85
A 70-year-old female reports perineal pain and bright red blood on her stool
Suspect hemorrhoids
86
Solid abdominal organs
liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys
87
Hollow abdominal organs
stomach, intestines, bladder, gallbladder
88
What do solid abdominal organs do when injured
Bleed
89
What do hollow abdominal organs do when injured
Leak contents and cause peritonitis
90
What is referred pain
Pain felt in an area distant from the source of the problem
91
Where can gallbladder pain be referred
Right shoulder or back
92
Where can kidney pain radiate
To the groin
93
What are signs of an upper GI bleed
Hematemesis and melena
94
What are signs of a lower GI bleed
Bright red blood in stool or melena
95
What should you be cautious of with dialysis patients
Fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances
96
What is a safety concern with an AV fistula
Do not take blood pressure on the same arm
97
What scene clues may indicate GI or urologic issues
Emesis diarrhea pill bottles dialysis equipment or surgical scars
98
What position do patients with peritonitis often prefer
Lying still with knees drawn up
99
What can sudden movement or jarring pain indicate in an abdominal patient
Peritonitis
100
Why are OPQRST and SAMPLE especially important in GI cases
To determine onset severity and related symptoms
101
What are two common pediatric GI issues
Appendicitis and constipation
102
How might pediatric patients present with abdominal emergencies
Guarding irritability refusal to eat
103
How do geriatric patients often present with abdominal emergencies
Atypically with vague symptoms or minimal pain
104
What is a concern with abdominal complaints in elderly patients
Blunted pain response may mask serious conditions like AAA or perforation
