CH 13

Question 1

The EPA has found evidence that ingredients in _____ cause adverse health effects in humans and animals and persist for long periods after use.

Answer 1

AFFF
pg 465

Question 2

________ are the key ingredients found in AFFF. They are synthetic chemical compounds, not naturally occuring.

Answer 2

Fluorosurfactants
pg 465

Question 3

The rate at which environment bacteria cause finished foam to decompose is used to rate a foam’s _________.

Answer 3

biodegradability
pg 466

Question 4

__________ results in the composition of oxygen.

Answer 4

Decomposition
pg 466

Question 5

Studies by the U.S. Forestry Service (FS) have shown that the release of _________ into bodies of water can be lethal to fish.

Answer 5

Class A foam concentrate
pg 466

Question 6

This cools a fire and surrounding structures, with the ability to absorb many times more heat energy than plain water.

Answer 6

encapsulator
pg 467

Question 7

An ______________ absorbs the heat in a different way than water and releases a warm vapor rather than deadly steam.

Answer 7

encapsulator
pg 467

Question 8

Other alternative agents are known as durable or _______. These agents retain their firefighting retarding properties longer than Class A foam.

Answer 8

gelling agents, fire blocking gels, or aqueous firefighting gels
pg 467

Question 9

Although used in the same manner as Class A foam, these ________ agents are chemically and structurally quite different. Chemically these agents are water-absorbent polymers as opposed to hydrocarbon-based _________ like Class A foam.

Answer 9

durable; surfactants
pg 467

Question 10

When mixed with water, _________ agents form small bubbles filled with water, unlike Class A foam in which bubbles are filled with air.

Answer 10

durable
pg 467

Question 11

When used as an extinguishing agent, the standard application ratio for durable agents is _____ (1% solution in water).

Answer 11

1:100
pg 467

Question 12

When used on a fire line, durable agents are often applied at ____% to ___%.

Answer 12

1 1/2% to 2%
pg 467

Question 13

For structure protection, the application ratio is __% to __%.

Answer 13

2% to 3%
pg 467

Question 14

With this application, durable agents will adhere to vertical structural surfaces for up to __ hours.

Answer 14

24
pg 467

Question 15

The NFPA has published extensive studies on the use of ________ as potentially viable alternative to historically used fluorinated foams.

Answer 15

fluorine-free foams (FFFS)
pg 467

Question 16

Foam and related additives that increase the effectiveness of water in extinguishing fires or containing vapors are known as

Answer 16

agents
pg 467

Question 17

The formula of ________ foam includes hydrocarbon surfactants to reduce the surface tension of water in the finished foam. This reduced surface tension allows for better penetration and increased effectiveness.

Answer 17

Class A
pg 468

Question 18

Class A foam concentrates may be mixed with percentages as low as

Answer 18

0.1%
pg 469

Question 19

_________, the amount of time it takes for water to drain out of foam bubbles, increases in proportion with increases in the percentage of the solution.

Answer 19

Drain time
pg 469

Question 20

Class A foam
Fire attack and overhaul with standard fog nozzles

Answer 20

.2% to .5% concentrate
pg 469

Question 21

Class A foam
Exposure protection with standard fog nozzles

Answer 21

.5% to 1% concentrate
pg 469

Question 22

Class A foam
Any application with air-aspirating foam nozzles

Answer 22

.3% to .7% concentrate
pg 469

Question 23

Class A foam
Any applications with CAFS

Answer 23

.2% to .5% concentrate
pg 469

Question 24

________ is the increase in the volume of foam solution after aeration.

Answer 24

Foam expansion
pg 469

Question 25

Foam expansion is generally described as being

Answer 25

low, medium, and high pg 469

Question 26

Low-expansion foam air/solution ratio

Answer 26

20:1 pg 469

Question 27

Medium-expansion foam ratio

Answer 27

20:1 to 200:1 pg 469

Question 28

High- expansion foam ratio

Answer 28

200:1 to 1,000:1 pg 469

Question 29

A short drain time provides the quickest _______, while a longer drain time provides an insulating layer for a longer period.

Answer 29

wetting pg 470

Question 30

_________ foam suppresses fires involving flammable or combustible liquids.

Answer 30

Class B pg 470

Question 31

While synthetic foam is made from a mix of _________, protein-based foam is delivered from ____________.

Answer 31

fluorosurfactants; animal protein pg 470

Question 32

________ foams mix in proportions from 1% to 6%.

Answer 32

Class B pg 471

Question 33

The concentration for hydrocarbon fuels is typically

Answer 33

1% or 3% pg 471

Question 34

While 3% or 6% works for _________.

Answer 34

polar solvents pg 471

Question 35

Class A fires

Answer 35

ordinary combustibles pg 472

Question 36

Class B fires

Answer 36

flammable liquids pg 472

Question 37

Class D fires

Answer 37

combustible materials pg 472

Question 38

Class K fires

Answer 38

commercial kitchen equipment pg 472

Question 39

Expansion ratios for most fog nozzles range from

Answer 39

2:1 to 4:1 pg 480