CH4 Flashcards by Sean Jarrell

Ordinary fresh water is considered to weigh ___lb/ft3 or ___ pounds per gallon.

62.4; 8.3
Pg 162

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Water may also be used to smother fires in combustible liquids with a specific gravity

Higher than 1.0 (heavier than water).
pg 162

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Water occupies approximately ___ times its original volume when converting to steam at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.

1700
pg 162

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Water has a high surface tension that makes it somewhat difficult to

Soak into dense materials
pg 163

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Water may be reactive with certain fuels, such as combustible metals like

Sodium metal and Triethyl aluminum
pg 163

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Can cause a change in the speed, direction, or shape of a substance.

Force
pg 163

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The weight of 1ft3 of water is approximately

62.416
pg 163

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Fluid pressure is perpendicular (at any right angles) to any surface on which it acts.

First Pressure Principal Perpendicular Exertion
pg 165

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Resting fluid holds the same intensity in all directions.

Second Pressure Principal Intensity
pg165

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Pressure applied to a confined fluid transmits equally in all directions.

Third Pressure Principal Pressure Transmission
pg 165

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The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportionate to its depth.

Fourth Pressure Principal Depth
pg 166

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The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportionate to the density of the liquid.

Fifth Pressure Principal Density
pg 166

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Mercury has a specific gravity greater than ___, so it will sink in water.

One
pg 166

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The pressure of a liquid at the bottom of a vessel is independent of the shape of the vessel.

Sixth Pressure Principal Shape
pg 166

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Atmospheric pressure at sea level.

14.7psi
pg 166

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_____ refers to the height of water supply above the discharge orifice.

Head
pg 167

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Potential energy available to force water through pipes, fittings, hose, and adapters.

Static pressure or (hydrostatic pressure)
pg 168

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The pressure in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands is considered the

Normal Operating Pressure
pg 168

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The friction caused by water flowing through the pipes, valves, and fittings of the system creates the difference in pressure between

Static pressure and Normal Operating Pressure
pg 168

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The leftover portion of the total available pressure that is not used to overcome friction loss or gravity while forcing water pipes, fittings, hose, or adapters

Residual Pressure
pg 168

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While water is flowing from a discharge opening, the forward velocity is considered

Flow pressure
pg 169

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A _____ and _____ are used to measure the forward velocity of flow pressure.

Pitot tube and gauge.
pg 169

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Any pressure below atmospheric pressure is called

Vacuum
pg 169

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The ability of a gauge to read above and below zero makes it a

Compound gauge
pg 169

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_____ refers to the height or drop when comparing the centerline of the pump or nozzle.

Elevation pg 170

_______ refers to the elevation of the centerline of the pump above sea level.

Altitude pg 170

Above sea level, atmospheric pressure decreases approximately ____ inHg or ___ psi for every 1,000ft above altitude.

1inHg; 0.5 psi pg 170

The friction loss in older hose may be as much as ___% greater than that of new hose.

50% pg 170

The rougher the inner surface of the pipe (commonly referred to as coefficient of friction), the

greater friction loss will be. pg 171

If all other conditions are the same, friction loss increases due to the length of the hose or pipe.

First Friction Loss Principal Length pg 171

Friction loss develops much faster than the change in velocity.

Second Friction Loss Principal Velocity pg 171

_____ is proportional to flow.

Velocity

Different diameter hose at the same flow rate experience different friction loss. The loss varies inversely based on the 5th power of the hose diameter.

Third Friction Loss Principal Diameter pg 172

For a given velocity, friction loss is approximately the same regardless of the pressure on the water.

Fourth Friction Loss Principal Pressure pg 172

While pipe sizes remain fixed, soft-jacketed fire hose expand ___ when pressurized.

Laterally pg 172

Friction loss is greater in fire hose than piping due to the

rigidity of piping material. pg 172

Since water is basically incompressible, a pressure of 30,000psi only reduces its volume by

1% pg 173

The water travels best in an even, parallel fashion where a minor amount of friction is seen at the walls of the hose. This action is called

Laminar flow pg 174

Water moving through a pipe or hose has

volume, mass, and velocity pg 175

Blue bonnet hydrant

1,500GPM or greater Gpm pg 176

Green bonnet hydrant

1,000-1499gpm pg 176

Orange bonnet hydrant

500-999Gpm pg 176

Red bonnet hydrant

Less than 500gpm pg 176

Black bonnet hydrant

Out of service pg 176

Uses one or more pumps that take water from the primary source and discharge it through the filtration and treatment processes.

Direct pumping system pg 177

Uses a primary water source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system.

Gravity system pg 177

When the system pressure is high during periods of low consumption, automatic valves open, which allows the elevated storage tanks to fill. When the pressure drops during periods of heavy consumption, the storage containers provide extra water by feeding it back into the distribution system.

Combination system pg 177

A ______, a ______, the loss of _______, or a _______ could disable a water treatment system's pumping station(s) or severely hamper the purification process.

Maintenace failure, natural disaster, power supply, or a fire. pg 178

A fire hydrant that receives water from only one direction is known as a

dead-end hydrant pg 178

When a fire hydrant receives water from two or more directions, it is said to have

circulating feed or a looped line pg 178

A distribution system that provides circulating feed from several mains constitutes a

grid system pg 178

A grid system should consist of:

primary feeders, secondary feeders, distributors pg 178

Large pipes (mains), with relatively widespread spacing, that convey large quantities of water to various points of the system for local distribution to the smaller mains.

Primary feeders pg 178

Network of intermediate-sized pipes that reinforce the grid within the various loops of the primary feeder system and aid the concentration of the required fire flow at any point.

Secondary feeders pg 178

The function of a valve in a water distribution system is to provide a means for

controlling the flow of water through the distribution piping. pg 179

A(n) ______ valve visually shows whether the gate or valve seat is open, partially closed, or fully closed.

indicating valve pg 179

Valves in private fire protection systems are usually of the

indicating type pg 179

Two common indicator valves are the

Post Indicator Valve (PIV), Outside Screw & Yoke (OS&Y) pg 179

The ____ is a hollow metal post that is attached to the valve housing. The valve stem inside the post is threaded and has a target that moves as the valve is opened or closed. The words ____ or _____ appear in a window as the valve approaches one position or the other.

PIV; open or shut pg 179

The _____ valve features a yoke on the outside with a threaded stem that controls the gate opening or closing. The threaded portion of the stem is out of the yoke when the valve is open and inside the yoke when closed.

OS&Y pg 180

These are the most common types of valves used in public water distribution systems. In a water distribution system, these valves are normally installed in valve boxes or access holes.

Non-indicating valve pg 180

Control valves in public water distribution systems are generally

gate valves pg 180

_________ is generally made of cast iron, ductile iron, asbestos cement, steel, plastic, or concrete.

Underground water pipe pg 180

The average amount of water used per day; calculated from the total amount of water used in a water distribution over the period of one year.

Average daily consumption (ADC) pg 181

The maximum total amount of water used during any 24-hour interval within a 3-year period; not including unusual situations, such as refilling a reservoir after cleaning.

Maximum daily consumption (MDC) pg 181

The maximum amount of water used un any 1-hour interval over the course of a day.

Peak hourly consumption (PHC) pg 181

CH4 Flashcards

(68 cards)