Ch 14

Question 1

What effectors are suplied by the somatic nervous system?

Answer 1

skeletal muscles

Question 2

What three types of effectors supplied by the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 2

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Question 3

Describe the efferent pathway in the somatic nervous system

Answer 3

cell body in the cNS, thick myelinated axon extended directly to skeletal muscle

Question 4

Describe the efferent pathway in the autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

idk

Question 5

which neuron preganglionic or postganglionic:
is located in the autonomic ganglion outside the CNS?

Answer 5

postganglionic

Question 6

which neuron preganglionic or postganglionic:
is located within the CNS?

Answer 6

Preganglionic

Question 7

Which division, somatic or autonomic nervous system:
has thick, heavily myelinated axons?

Answer 7

somatic

Question 8

Which division, somatic or autonomic nervous system:
conducts impulses more rapidly?

Answer 8

autonomic

Question 9

What neurotransmitter is released by all somatic motor neurons?

Answer 9

ACh

Question 10

what are the two neurotransmitters released by autonomic neurons?

Answer 10

norepinephrine (NE) and ACh

Question 11

What is meant by dual innervatin of visceral organs?

Answer 11

almost all visceral organs served by both divisions but divisions cause opposite effects

Question 12

which ANS division:
is primarily responsible for increasing heart rate, inhibiting digestion and elimination, and mobilizing the body for activity?

Answer 12

sympathetic

Question 13

which ANS division:
is primarily responsible for decreasing heart rate, promoting digestion and elimination, and reducing the body’s energy output?

Answer 13

parasympathetic

Question 14

which ANS division:
is referred to as the rest and digest system?

Answer 14

parasympathetic

Question 15

which ANS division:
is referred to as the fight or flight system?

Answer 15

sympathetic

Question 16

which ANS division:
Is known anatomically as the craniosacral division?

Answer 16

parasympathetic

Question 17

which ANS division:
is known anatomically as the thoracolumbar division?

Answer 17

sympathetic

Question 18

Which division dominates when:
you are lying in bed scrolling through tik tok?

Answer 18

parasympathetic

Question 19

Which division dominates when:
you are on a surfbaord and you see a shark?

Answer 19

sympathetic

Question 20

What is the site of origin of the parasympathetic division?

Answer 20

Fibers originate in brain stem and sacral spinal cord

Question 21

What is the site of origin of the sympathetic division?

Answer 21

Fibers originate in thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord

Question 21

Relative length of preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division

Answer 21

-long preganglionic
-short postganglionic

Question 22

Relative length of preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division

Answer 22

-short preganglionic
-long postganglionic

Question 23

location of ganglia in parasympathetic division

Answer 23

located in or near visceral effector organ

Question 24

location of ganglia in sympathetic division

Answer 24

located close to spinal cord

Question 25

what is the name given to the ganglia of the parasympathetic division?

Answer 25

terminal ganglia

Question 26

What four cranial nerves carry perganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

Answer 26

Oculomotor (III) Facial (VII) Glossophargngeal (IX) Vagus (X)

Question 27

Oculomotor (III) - organs supplied by parasympathetic fibers

Answer 27

causes pupils to construct and lenses to bulge for focusing

Question 28

Facial (VII) - organs supplied by parasympathetic fibers

Answer 28

stimulates nasal, lacrimal, and salivary glands

Question 29

Glossophargngeal (IX) - organs supplied by parasympathetic fibers

Answer 29

stimulates salviary glands

Question 30

Vagus (X) - organs supplied by parasympathetic fibers

Answer 30

supply all thoracic and abdominal organs

Question 31

One pair of nerves together accounts for about 90% of all preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the body. Which nerves are they?

Answer 31

Vagus nerves (X)

Question 32

What organs are supplied by the sacral part of the parasympathetic division?

Answer 32

Facial nerves (VII)

Question 33

What spinal cord structures are formed by the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetuc neurons?

Answer 33

Lateral horns

Question 34

where would you find sympathetic trunk ganglia

Answer 34

it runs along each side of the vertebral column

Question 35

where would you find collateral ganglia

Answer 35

anterior to the vertebral column

Question 36

After leaving the spinal cord through the ventral root, a preganglionic sympathetic axon immediately enters what structure?

Answer 36

Sympathetic trunk ganglion

Question 37

What three things a preganglionic sympathetic axon do once it reachers this structure

Answer 37

1. synapse in trunk ganglion at same level 2. synapse in trunk ganglion at higher or lower level 3. pass through sympathetic trunk to synapse in a collateral ganglion to anterior veterbral column

Question 38

Three types of effectors supplied by postganglionic neaurons traveling to the skin and body wall

Answer 38

sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, smooth muscles (blood vessels)

Question 39

what effectors are supplied by postganglionic neurons traveling to the head?

Answer 39

supply heart, lungs and esophagus

Question 40

Some preganglionic sympathetic axons synpse in collateral ganglia. What organs are supplied by postganglionic axonns leaving these ganglia?

Answer 40

supply abdominal and pelvic organs

Question 41

What happens when a preganglionic sympathetic axon synapses on cells of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 41

the preganglionic fibers end

Question 42

what do sensory neuons do

Answer 42

they are visceral and convey signals from interal organs

Question 43

motor neurons are _____

Answer 43

a two neuron chain

Question 44

Cholinergic fiber

Answer 44

axons that release ACh

Question 45

Adrenergic fibers

Answer 45

axons that release NE

Question 46

Cholinergic receptors

Answer 46

responds to the release of ACh

Question 47

adrenergic receptors

Answer 47

responds to the release of NE

Question 48

What neurotransmitter is released by: all autonomic preganglionic axons?

Answer 48

ACh

Question 49

What neurotransmitter is released by: all parasympathetic postganglionic axons?

Answer 49

ACh

Question 50

What neurotransmitter is released by: almost all sympathetic postganglionic axons?

Answer 50

NE

Question 51

the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisons have antagonistic effects. what does antagonistic mean?

Answer 51

they have opposite effects

Question 52

parasympathetic effects of the heart

Answer 52

decreases heart rate

Question 53

parasympathetic effects of the digestive tract organs

Answer 53

increases motility and secretion, release sphincters

Question 54

sympathetic effects of the heart

Answer 54

increases heart rate and force of heart beat

Question 55

sympathetic effects of the digestive tract organs

Answer 55

decreases activity, contricts sphincters

Question 56

What part of the CNS has the main responsibility for controlling the ANS?

Answer 56

Hypothalamus