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Anatomy and Phisyology I > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q
  1. What is stratum basals function?
  2. What type of cells does it contain?
A
  1. rapid mitotic division (is the source of new keratinocytes)
  2. Tactile Epithelium and melanocytes
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2
Q

What type of cells does the stratum spinosum contain?

A

Keratinocytes and dentric cells (attached by desmosomes, makes it spikey)

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3
Q

What type of cells does the stratum granulosum contain?

A

Keratohyaline (forms keratin) and lamellar granules (water resistant glycolipids)

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4
Q

What two layers contain dead kerationocytes?

A

Stratum lucidum and corneum

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5
Q

What is the function of the papillary layer of the dermis? What is it made of?

A

Dermal papillae form to make friction ridges (finger prints). Papillary layer is made of areolar connective tissue.

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6
Q

What is the reticular layer of the dermis made out of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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7
Q

What are the components of the integumentary system?

A

Hair, skin, nails, sweat glands, sebacceous glands

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8
Q

What is the function of melanocytes?

A

to produce pigment (melanin)

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9
Q

What is the function of dentric cells?

A

to ingest foregin substances and activate immune system

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10
Q

What is the function of tactile epithelial cells?

A

to detect light touch (with sensory receptors)

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11
Q

What is the function of keratohyaline granules?
What is the function of lamellar granules?

A

to form keratohyaline
to release H20 resistant glycolipids

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12
Q

What is the function of melanin?

A

Pigment, sheilds DNA of keratinocytes from damaging UV radiation

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13
Q

What are your hair and nails made of?

A

Keratin

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14
Q

Where do hairs originate?

A

Hair follicles

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15
Q

What are the three layers of the hair shaft?

A

inner = medulla
middle = cortex
outer = cuticle

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15
Q

What is the difference between the root of the hair and the shaft?

A

The shaft is above the surface, the root is surrounded by the hair follicle

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16
Q

What is the OUTER layer of the hair follicle called?

A

peripheral connective tissue sheath

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17
Q

What is the INNER layer of the hair follicle called?

A

Epithelial root sheath

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18
Q

What is the arrector pilli attached to?

A

The hair follicle

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19
Q

What is vellus hair?

A

fine, light colored hair, develops in childhood

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20
Q

What is terminal hair?

A

Coarse, long, replaces vellus hair at puberty

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21
Q

What is the visible, hard part of a nail?

A

Nail plate

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22
Q

Nail fold that overlaps onto proximal nail plate?

A

Eponychium

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23
Q

What is deep to the nail plate?

A

Nail bed

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23
Nail fold beneath free edge?
Hyponychium
24
What part of the nail is responsible for nail growth?
Nail matrix (nail root makes the matrix)
25
Where are eccrine sweat glands found? What is their function?
all over skin, many on palms, soles, and forehead Thermoregulation
26
What do eccrine sweat glands secrete?
Secretes sweat onto SURFACE
27
Where are apocrine sweat glands found? What is their function?
axillary and anogenital areas Breaks down bacteria and turns it into body odor
28
What do apocrine sweat glands secrete?
Thick sweat (of organic compouds) into HAIR FOLLICLE
29
Where are sebaceous glands found? What is their function?
Everywhere EXCEPT soles and palms Lubes hair and skin, prevents H20 loss
30
What do sebaceous glands secrete?
sebum
31
Functions of skin?
Protection, body temp regulation, cutaneous sensation, vitamin D synthesis, excretion
32
What are chemical barriers provided by the skin?
Acidic pH, sweat and sebum, melanin
33
What specific part of the skin acts as a physical barrier?
Stratum Corneum
34
What allows the corneum to resist abrasion and penetration?
Keratin
35
What allows the corneum to be water resistant?
Glycolipids
36
What are two biological barriers in the skin (they activate immune response)?
Dendritic cells and macrophages
37
What vitamin is synthesized when sunlight strikes the skin?
Vitamen D
38
Why is vitamin D needed?
for absorbtion of calcium
39
Basale cell carcinoma
in the stratum basale, most common
40
Squamous cell carcinoma
keratinocytes in stratum spinosum
41
Melanoma
melanocytes, Asymmetry-Border irregularity-Color-Diameter rule is used
42
What name is given to the rulle for classfiying severity of burns?
Rule of nines
43
First degree burns
affects only the epidermis
44
Second degree burns
affects epidermis and upper dermis
45
Third degree burns
affects entire thickness of skin
46
What is the dominant cell type found in the epidermis? What does it produce?
Keratinocytes produce keratin
47
The rule of nines is helpful clinically in _________
estimating the extent of a burn
48
The subcutaneous layer, or hypodermis, is located ________
directly beneath the reticular layer of the dermis
49
These cells found in the epidermis function to activate the immune response:
Dendritic cells
50
The most numerous epidermal cells are __________
keratinocytes
51
Fingernails grow about 1 mm/week due to mitosis of cells in the __________
nail matrix
52
The dermis has two major layers. Which of the following constitutes 80% of the dermis and contains thick bundles of interwoven collagen fibers?
Reticular layer
53
When you walk outside barefoot, in which part of your toenail will dirt adhere and be the most difficult to remove?
hyponychium
54
Which structures of the integumentary system function primarily to prevent overheating of the body?
eccrine sweat glands
55
The layer of the epidermis where one can find melanocytes is the _______
stratum basale
56
Excessively oily skin may be caused by overactive ________
sebaceous glands
57
The appearance of moisture on your forehead on a hot day is due to activity of the _______
eccrine sweat glands
58
The most superficial layer of the skin that contains blood vessels is the __________
papillary layer of the dermis

Anatomy and Phisyology I (9 decks)

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