Ch 4

Question 1

What type of tissue forms the body’s glands?

Answer 1

Epithelial

Question 2

Aires from mesenchyme?

Answer 2

Connective

Question 3

What tissues lack blood vessels?

Answer 3

Epithelial and Cartilage

Question 4

Makes up the brain, spinal chord, and nerves?

Answer 4

Nervous Tissue

Question 5

Tissue that is specialized to produce movement?

Answer 5

Muscle Tissue

Question 6

What tissue includes bone, cartilage and blood?

Answer 6

Connective

Question 7

Polarity characteristic in Epithelial

Answer 7

Surfaces differ, apical = exposed to surface or cavity, basal = lower attached, rests on basal lamina

Question 8

Specialized contacts in Epithelila

Answer 8

Epithelial fits closely together with tight junctions and desmosomes

Question 9

Epithelial is Supported by CT meaning…

Answer 9

they are seperated by a basement membrane (extracellular sheet)

Question 10

The basement membrane is made of what?

Answer 10

an extracellular sheet that is made up of basal lamina (proudced by epithelial) and reticular lamina (produced by CT)

Question 11

Epithelial tissue is avascular, but innervated meaning…

Answer 11

has no blood vessels, but HAS nerves

Question 12

What is regeneration in Epithelial?

Answer 12

meaning lost cells can readily be replaced

Question 13

Simple squamous features

Answer 13

since its thin, it allows rapid diffusion

Question 14

Where is simple squamous ET found?

Answer 14

air sacs of lungs, lining of blood vessels and heart

Question 15

Simpe cuboidal features

Answer 15

since it has a lot of room, it is good for absorption and secretion

Question 16

Where is simpe cuboidal ET found?

Answer 16

kidney tubules, and ducts of small glands

Question 17

Simple columnar features

Answer 17

(has microvilli on top) absorbtion and secretion of MUCUS

Question 18

Where is simple columnar ET found?

Answer 18

digestive tract

Question 19

Psuedostratified columnar features

Answer 19

secretion and MOVEMENT of mucus

Question 20

Where is psuedostratified columnar ET found?

Answer 20

upper respiratory tract

Question 21

Stratified squamous features

Answer 21

the many layers protects from wear and tear

Question 22

Where is stratified squamous ET found?

Answer 22

epidermis of skin, linings of mouth, esophagus, and vagina

Question 23

Transitional ET features

Answer 23

can stretch and accomadate stored urine

Question 24

Where is transitional ET found?

Answer 24

lining of urinary organs, bladder, and ureters

Question 25

What is the main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Answer 25

Endocrine glands are DUCTLESS and secretes directly into the blood. Exocrine is released through DUCTS onto skin or into cavity

Question 26

Most glands in the body are ______

Answer 26

Exocrine

Question 27

What type of glands release hormones?

Answer 27

Endocrine

Question 28

What is a simple gland?

Answer 28

unbranched gland (single)

Question 29

What is a compound gland?

Answer 29

branched ducts

Question 30

What is an example of a tubular gland?

Answer 30

(tubes) Mammary or eccrine gland

Question 31

What is an example of alveolar gland?

Answer 31

(shaped like sacs) sebaceous glands

Question 32

How do merocrine glands secrete?

Answer 32

merocrine secrete products through exocytosis (eccrine) + more common

Question 33

How do holocrine glands secrete?

Answer 33

holocrine glands bursts with products (sebaceous)

Question 34

How do apocrine glands secrete?

Answer 34

apocrine bursts toward surface

Question 35

What are the classes of connective tissue?

Answer 35

CT proper, cartilage, blood, bone

Question 36

What is a unicellular exocrine gland?

Answer 36

Goblet cells, which secrete mucin that dissolves in H2O to form mucus

Question 37

All CT arise from what?

Answer 37

Mesenchyme

Question 38

Where are cells in CT?

Answer 38

they are embedded in extracellular matrix

Question 39

What two elements make up the extracellular matrix?

Answer 39

Ground substance and fibers

Question 40

Ground substance

Answer 40

gel like material, fills spaces between fibers and cells

Question 41

What are the three types of fibers?

Answer 41

collagen = strongest, most common Elastic = flexible Reticular

Question 42

What is an immature cell in CT called?

Answer 42

blasts

Question 43

what is a blasts function?

Answer 43

to actively secrete ground substance and fibers

Question 44

What is a mature cell in CT called?

Answer 44

cyte

Question 45

What is the function of cytes?

Answer 45

Helps maintain matrix health

Question 46

What cell types are found in CT proper?

Answer 46

FIBRO-blasts and FIBRO-cytes

Question 47

What cell types are found in cartilage?

Answer 47

CHONDRO-blasts and CHONDRO-cytes

Question 48

What cell types are found in bone?

Answer 48

OSTEO-blasts and OSTEO-cytes

Question 49

Features of a cutaneous membrane

Answer 49

found in the skin, dry membrane

Question 50

Features of a mucous membrane

Answer 50

lines body cavities that are OPEN to exterior, covered in secretions = wet membrane

Question 51

Features of a serous membrane

Answer 51

lines body cavities that are CLOSED to exterior, secretes serous fluid = wet membrane

Question 52

Which membrane includes pleurae, pericardium, and peritoneum?

Answer 52

Serous

Question 53

What is regeneration in regards to tissue repair?

Answer 53

regeneration is where the same tissue replaces the destroyed tissue and the orginal function is restored

Question 54

What is fibrosis in regards to tissue repair?

Answer 54

CT replaces destroyed tissue and orginal function is lost

Question 55

What are the steps of tissue repair (in order)?

Answer 55

Inflammation -> Organization -> Regeneration and Fibrosis

Question 56

What is granulation tissue?

Answer 56

a new capillary enriched tissue (associated with organization)

Question 57

Areolar CT function

Answer 57

cushioning, site of inflammatory and immune reactions

Question 58

Areolar CT location

Answer 58

underneath epithelial, surrounds small blood vessels

Question 59

Adipose CT function

Answer 59

stores energy, insulates, cushions

Question 60

Adipose CT location

Answer 60

hypodermis, around internal organs, in breasts

Question 61

Reticular CT function

Answer 61

forms internal frame work that supports blood cells

Question 62

Reticular CT location

Answer 62

lymphoid organs

Question 63

Dense regular CT function

Answer 63

withstands pulling force from ONE direction

Question 64

Dense regular CT location

Answer 64

tendons and ligaments

Question 65

Dense irregular CT function

Answer 65

resists tension from MANY directions

Question 66

Dense irregular CT location

Answer 66

dermis of skin, fibrous capsules of organs and joints

Question 67

Elastic CT function

Answer 67

allows tisues to recoil after stretching

Question 68

Elastic CT location

Answer 68

walls of large arteries, ligaments and vertevral column

Question 69

Cartilage doesnt have ____________

Answer 69

blood vessels or nerve fibers

Question 70

What CT has a fluid matrix?

Answer 70

blood

Question 71

What CT has calcium salts?

Answer 71

Bone

Question 72

Which two types of CT have mature cells located in cavities called lacunae?

Answer 72

Cartilage and bone

Question 73

Hyaline Cartilage (CT) features

Answer 73

most abundant, provides support

Question 74

Hyaline Cartilage (CT) location

Answer 74

ends of long bones, nose, trachea, larynx, cartilage of ribs

Question 75

Elastic Cartilage (CT) features

Answer 75

supports with great flexibility

Question 76

Elastic Cartilage (CT) location

Answer 76

external ear and epiglottis

Question 77

Fibrocartilage (CT) location

Answer 77

intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint

Question 78

Fibrocartilage (CT) features

Answer 78

absorbs compressive shock

Question 79

Scar tissue is a type of _______

Answer 79

Connective tissue

Question 80

The fibers that give connective tissue the ability to resist tension (pulling forces) are ________ fibers

Answer 80

collagen

Question 81

Any substance entering or leaving the body must pass through a barrier formed of which primary tissue type?

Answer 81

epithelial tissue

Question 82

In connective tissues, the extracellular matrix is made up of _______

Answer 82

fibers and ground substance

Question 83

Mesenchyme is an embryonic tissue from which ________ arise

Answer 83

All connective tissue

Question 84

A ______ gland has a duct that branches repeatedly, and the ducts end in saclike structures

Answer 84

A compound alveolar

Question 85

The extracellular matrix of cartilage is synthesized and secreted by _______

Answer 85

Chondro-BLASTS

Question 86

The epithelium found in the cutaneous membrane is _______

Answer 86

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 87

Cells containing lipid droplets account for 90% of this tissue’s mass. What tissue is it?

Answer 87

adipose tissue

Question 88

The nasal cavity is lined by an epithelium that is normally moist and rests on a layer of loose connective tissue. This is an example of a ________ membrane

Answer 88

mucous

Question 89

The extracellular matrix is a characteristic of which primary tissue type?

Answer 89

Connective

Question 90

Which of the following connective tissues has the highest proportion of fibers relative to ground substance in the extracellular matrix?

Answer 90

dense regular connective tissue