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DMSO Physics 2 > Ch 15 > Flashcards

Ch 15 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Bistable

A

2 shades; black and white High Contrast

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2
Q

Gray Scale

A

Multiple levels of gray Low Contrast

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3
Q

Analog

A

“real world” numbers

unlimited # of choices

continuous values

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4
Q

Digital

A

“computer” numbers

limited choices

discrete values

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5
Q

Contrast

A

determines the range of brilliance within the displayed image

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6
Q

Brightness

A

determines the range of the displayed image

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7
Q

Scan convertor

A

translates the information from the spoke format into the video format

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8
Q

Spatial resolution

A

image detail

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9
Q

Disadvantages of analog scan convertors

A

image fade

image flicker

instability

deterioration

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10
Q

Advantages of digital scan convertors

A

Uniformity

Stability

Durability

Speed

Accuracy

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11
Q

Pixel

A

smallest building block of a digital picture

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12
Q

Pixel Density

A

Number of picture elements per inch

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13
Q

Low Pixel Density

pixels per inch

size of pixels

detail of image

spatial resolution

A

few pixels per inch

larger pixels

less detailed image

lower spatial resolution

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14
Q

High Pixel Density

pixels per inch

size of pixels

detail of image

spatial resolution

A

many pixels per inch

smaller pixels

more detailed image

higher spatial resolution

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15
Q

Bit

A

smallest amount of computer memory

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16
Q

Byte

A

group of eight bits of computer memory

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17
Q

Word

A

computer memory consists of two bytes or 16 bits

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18
Q

Contrast Resolution

A

gray shades

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19
Q

Fewer Bits per Pixel

shades of gray

contrast resolution

A

fewer shades of gray

degraded contrast resolution

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20
Q

More Bits per Pixel

shades of gray

contrast resolution

A

more shades of gray

improved contrast resolution

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21
Q

Calculating the shades of gray

Study These Flashcards
A

2^ number of bits

22
Q

Pixels vs Bits

Pixel

Study These Flashcards
A

image element

image detail

spatial resolution

23
Q

Pixels vs Bits

Bits

Study These Flashcards
A

computer memory

gray shades

contrast resolution

24
Q

Analog to digital converter

Study These Flashcards
A

Analog -> analog to digital converter -> Digital memory -> digital to analog converter -> Analog

25
Preprocessing
manipulating before storage in the scan convertor TGC , log Compression , write magnification, persistence, spatial compounding, edge enhancement, fill-in interpolation
26
Postprocessing
manipulating after storage in the scan convertor any change after freeze frame, black/white inversion, read magnification, contrast variation, 3-D rendering
27
Read Magnification
uses old data postprocessing larger pixel size same # of pixels as in the original ROI unchanged spatial resolution unchanged temporal resolution
28
Write Magnification
acquires new data preprocessing identical pixel size more pixels that in the original ROI improves spatial resolution may improves temporal resolution
29
Coded Excitation
method of improving image quality creates long sound pulses containing a wide range of frequencies occurs in pulser
30
Advantages of Coded Excitation
higher signal to noise ratio improved axial resolution improved spatial resolution improved contrast resolution deeper penetration
31
Spatial Compounding
method of using different angles to produce a single image reduce speckle and shadowing used with electrical steering / phased array only
32
Frequency Compounding
reduce speckle and noise artifact reflected sound wave is divided into subbands
33
Edge Enhancement
makes image look sharper works by increasing image contrast creates sublte bright and dark highlights around edges to make them look more defined
34
Temporal Compounding or Persistence
makes image smoother "super impose"
35
Fill-in Interpolation
predicts what information lies between the gaps and improves spatial resolution preprocessing
36
Elastography
measure how dense something is and have mechanical properties
37
PACS
Picture Archiving and Communications System Stored digitally
38
DICOM
Digital Imaging and Computers in Medicine set of rules, or protocols, that allows imaging system to share info on a network assure's communicatoin for future devices
39
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Paper Media Examples
charts from pen writers
40
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Paper Media Advantages
portability does not require a device to read
41
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Paper Media Disadvantages
bulky, hard to store difficult to make copies cant display dynamic images
42
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Magnetic Media Examples
computer discs computer memory magnetic tape video tape
43
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Magnetic Media Advantages
able to store large amounts of info efficiently can store and play dynamic can record color
44
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Magnetic Media Disadvantages
can be erased by strong magnetic fields
45
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Chemically Mediated Photographs Examples
photographs flat films multiformat camera film
46
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Chemically Mediated Photographs Advantages
High resolution accepted in the medical community can produce color images
47
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Chemically Mediated Photographs Disadvantages
bulky, difficult to store and retrieve requires chemical processing artifacts can arise from dirt pr chemical contamination
48
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Optical Media Examples
laser discs compact discs
49
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Optical Media Advantages
store huge amounts of data inexpensive not erased by exposure to magnetic field
50
Recording and Archiving Techniques: Optical Media Disadvantages
requires a display system no standardized format for image display and storage

DMSO Physics 2 (26 decks)

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