CH 22&23

Question 1

heart located slightly left of midline, deep to the sternum, in ____________

Answer 1

mediastinum

Question 2

inferior conical end

Answer 2

apex

Question 3

posterosuperior surface

Answer 3

base of the heart

Question 4

tough outer sac

Answer 4

fibrous pericardium

Question 5

composed of parietal and visceral layers

Answer 5

serous pericardium

Question 6

contains serous fluid

Answer 6

pericardial cavity

Question 7

serous membrane around heart

Answer 7

pericardium

Question 8

lines internal surface of the body wall

Answer 8

parietal pericardium

Question 9

covers external surface of heart

Answer 9

visceral pericardium

Question 10

visceral layer of serous pericardium & areolar connective tissue

Answer 10

epicardium

Question 11

cardiac muscle; thickest layer of the heart

Answer 11

myocardium

Question 12

internal surface of heart chambers, simple squamous epithelium & areolar ct

Answer 12

endocardium

Question 13

groove separating atria & ventricles

Answer 13

coronary sulcus

Question 14

separates left and right ventricles

Answer 14

anterior/posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 15

ridges on internal surface of atrial wall

Answer 15

pectinate muscles

Question 16

ensures one way blood flow from RA to RV through AV opening

Answer 16

right AV valve/tricuspid

Question 17

inner wall of each ventricle displays irregular muscular ridges

Answer 17

trabeculae carneae

Question 18

cone-shaped muscle projects anchoring chordae tendineae

Answer 18

papillary muscles

Question 19

connects anterior papillary muscle of right ventricle to atrioventricular septum

Answer 19

septomarginal trabecula

Question 20

ensures one-way flow from ventricle to pulmonary trunk

Answer 20

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 21

controls blood flow through opening between left atrium & ventricle

Answer 21

left AV vale/bicuspid

Question 22

controls flow from the left ventricle to the aorta

Answer 22

aortic semilunar valve

Question 23

why the the left ventricular wall thicker than the right?

Answer 23

the right only pumps to the lungs, the left pumps to entire body

Question 24

closure causes first heart sound “lub”

Answer 24

right/left AV valves

Question 25

closure causes second heart sound "dub"

Answer 25

pulmonary/aortic semilunar valves

Question 26

abnormal heart sounds, can be caused by defective heart valves

Answer 26

heart murmurs

Question 27

rigid valves, may have calcium deposits

Answer 27

stenotic valves

Question 28

blood passes directly between ventricles

Answer 28

ventricular septal defect

Question 29

supplies the right border of the heart

Answer 29

right marginal artery

Question 30

venous return of blood from the heart wall occurs through 3 major veins

Answer 30

greater, middle, small cardiac vein

Question 31

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries

Answer 31

coronary artery disease

Question 32

heart exhibits _____________, it initiates its own heartbeats

Answer 32

autorythmicity

Question 33

electrical impulses begins at the

Answer 33

sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 34

contraction of a chamber is called ____; generates pressure to move blood

Answer 34

systole

Question 35

relaxation of a chamber is called; allows chamber to fill with blood prior to the next contraction

Answer 35

diastole

Question 36

if one of the atriums or ventricles contract, then

Answer 36

the other is in diastole

Question 37

opening between the 2 atria

Answer 37

foramen ovale

Question 38

artery between right PA & AA; serves as a bypass for blood from lungs to systemic circulation

Answer 38

ductus arteriosus

Question 39

convergence of 2 or more vessels; end arteries to not do this & veins do more often than arteries

Answer 39

anastomosis

Question 40

arteries & veins that lie next to each other

Answer 40

companion vessels

Question 41

what are the three layers of blood vessel tunics?

Answer 41

tunica intima, media, externa

Question 42

capillary walls only contain ______

Answer 42

tunica intima

Question 43

_________ is an outer CT, and anchors blood vessels to surroundings

Answer 43

tunica externa

Question 44

three types of arteries

Answer 44

elastic, muscular, arterioles

Question 45

_______ is the largest arteries & the heart walls contain many of these

Answer 45

elastic arteries

Question 46

________ has a proportionally thicker tunica media and are usually named, branch into arterioles

Answer 46

muscular arteries

Question 47

_____ are the smallest arteries, and thickness can vary between _____ sizes

Answer 47

arterioles

Question 48

______ are the smallest blood vessels, and consists solely of tunica intima, allow for metabolic exchange between blood and tissues

Answer 48

capillaries

Question 49

____ are the smallest veins, raising from merging capillaries and merge to form veins

Answer 49

venules

Question 50

how much blood do the veins hold at rest?

Answer 50

60%

Question 51

most veins contain ____ to prevent pooling of blood, formed from tunica intima

Answer 51

valves

Question 52

pressure during ventricular contraction

Answer 52

systolic blood pressure

Question 53

pressure during ventricular relaxation

Answer 53

diastolic blood pressure

Question 54

_____ supply most of the blood to the head & neck

Answer 54

common carotid arteries

Question 55

name the three arterial branches that emerge from the aortic arch

Answer 55

brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

Question 56

where is the brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 56

on the right side of the body only

Question 57

name the six major parts of the descending abdominal aorta from top to bottom

Answer 57

celiac trunk, suprarenal, renal, superior mesenteric, gonadal, inferior mesenteric

Question 58

____ supplies blood to a majority of abdominal organs

Answer 58

celiac trunk

Question 59

____ supplies blood to the adrenal gland

Answer 59

suprarenal arteries

Question 60

____ supplies blood to the kidneys

Answer 60

renal arteries_____

Question 61

______ supplies blood to the testicular or ovarian arteries supplying the _____

Answer 61

gonadal arteries, gonads

Question 62

this condition develops clots in the veins of the lower limbs, which block a pulmonary artery and is typically caused by inactivity

Answer 62

deep vein thrombosis

Question 63

this condition occurs with the values in the veins weaken and fail, causing blood to pool in the veins

Answer 63

varicose veins

Question 64

this condition is an extreme dilation of a blood vessel, where the wall becomes very thin and at risk of rupturing

Answer 64

aneurysm