Ch 26A (Digestive System)

Question 1

what are two categories of organs in the digestive system?

Answer 1

gastrointestinal tract & accessory digestive organs

Question 2

the GI tract is a continuous tube including:

Answer 2

(1) oral cavity
(2) pharynx
(3) esophagus
(4) stomach
(5) small & large intestine
(6) anal canal

Question 3

what is connected to the GI tract but is not a part of it?

Answer 3

accessory digestive organs

Question 4

what structures are accessory digestive organs?

Answer 4

(1) teeth & tongue
(2) salivary glands
(3) liver
(4) gallbladder
(5) pancreas

Question 5

main functions of the digestive system include

Answer 5

(1) ingestion
(2) motility (peristalsis)
(3) secretion
(4) digestion (mech or chem)
(5) absorption
(6) elimination of wastes

Question 6

what is the GI tract wall composed of?

Answer 6

4 tunics (layers)

Question 7

name the 4 GI tract wall tunics from deep to superficial

Answer 7

(1) mucosa
(2) submucosa
(3) muscularis
(4) serosa

Question 8

name the regions of the oral cavity

Answer 8

vestibule & oral cavity proper

Question 9

anterior 2/3 of tongue, palatine processes of maxillae bones & palatine bones

Answer 9

hard palate

Question 10

posterior 1/3 of the tongue, muscular

Answer 10

soft palate

Question 11

this structure extends posteriorly from soft palate & elevates during swallowing to close off posterior entrance to nasopharyngeal

Answer 11

uvula

Question 12

this structure is primarily skeletal muscle

Answer 12

tongue

Question 13

function of the tongue

Answer 13

manipulates & mixes ingested materials & assists in swallowing

Question 14

covers the surface of the tongue

Answer 14

papillae

Question 15

thin midline tissue that attaches inferior part of tongue to oral cavity

Answer 15

lingual frenulum

Question 16

this structure produces & secrets saliva into the oral cavity

Answer 16

salivary glands

Question 17

what are main functions of the salivary glands?

Answer 17

(1) moistens ingested materials to become a slick bolus
(2) moistens, cleanses & lubricates oral cavity structures
(3) dissolves food so taste receptors on tongue can be stimulated

Question 18

what structures makes up the majority of the saliva?

Answer 18

extrinsic salivary glands

Question 19

this structure secretes 25-30% of total saliva and is the largest of the extrinsic glands

Answer 19

parotid salivary glands

Question 20

where is the parotid salivary glands located?

Answer 20

anterior and inferior to the ear

Question 21

this structure runs parallel to the zygomatic arch, pierces buccinator before opening into mouth near upper 2nd molar

Answer 21

parotid duct

Question 22

this structure produces 60-70& of total saliva

Answer 22

submandibular salivary glands

Question 23

where is the submandibular salivary glands located?

Answer 23

inferior to body of mandible

Question 24

this structure opens in the floor of the mouth next to lingual frenulum

Answer 24

submandibular duct

Question 25

this structure produces 3-5% of total saliva

Answer 25

sublingual salivary ducts

Question 26

where is the sublingual salivary glands located?

Answer 26

inferior to the tongue

Question 27

this structure opens into the inferior surface of oral cavity

Answer 27

sublingual ducts

Question 28

name the types of extrinsic salivary glands

Answer 28

(1) parotid (2) submandibular (3) sublingual

Question 29

this is the part of the tooth that is visible

Answer 29

the crown

Question 30

hardest substance in the tooth

Answer 30

enamel

Question 31

tooth narrows

Answer 31

neck

Question 32

parts of tooth embedded in bone

Answer 32

roots

Question 33

another way to say gums

Answer 33

gingiva

Question 34

this forms most of the tooth

Answer 34

dentin

Question 35

this part of the tooth contains arteries, veins & nerves

Answer 35

pulp cavity

Question 36

space in the root of the tooth

Answer 36

root canal

Question 37

list the different surfaces of the teeth

Answer 37

(1) mesial surface (2) distal surface (3) buccal surface (4) labial surface (5) lingual surface (6) occlusal surface

Question 38

surface facing away from back molar

Answer 38

mesial surface

Question 39

surface facing toward back molar

Answer 39

distal surface

Question 40

outer surface of lateral facing teeth

Answer 40

buccal surface

Question 41

front surface of front teeth

Answer 41

labial surface

Question 42

inner surface of all teeth

Answer 42

lingual surface

Question 43

chewing surfaces

Answer 43

occlusal surface

Question 44

this set of teeth erupt between 6-30 months

Answer 44

deciduous teeth/milk teeth

Question 45

this set of teeth replaces the deciduous teeth

Answer 45

permanent teeth

Question 46

how many deciduous teeth are there in comparison to permanent teeth?

Answer 46

20 deciduous teeth, 32 permanent teeth

Question 47

list the permanent teeth types

Answer 47

(1) incisors (2) canines (3) premolars (4) molars

Question 48

this teeth type is the most anterior, shaped like chisels for slicing

Answer 48

incisors

Question 49

this teeth type is posterolateral to incisors, pointed for puncturing & tearing

Answer 49

canines

Question 50

this teeth type is posterolateral to canines, have flat crowns w/ ridges for crushing & grinding

Answer 50

premolars

Question 51

this teeth type is the thickest and most posterior teeth, and adapted for crushing and grinding

Answer 51

molars

Question 52

how is food routed into the esophagus?

Answer 52

by closure of the epiglottis during swallowing

Question 53

conducts ingested materials from pharynx to stomach

Answer 53

esophagus

Question 54

what does the esophagus pass through before connecting to the stomach?

Answer 54

an opening in the diaphragm called the esophageal hiatus

Question 55

closes during inhalation preventing air entry

Answer 55

superior esophageal

Question 56

prevents materials from regurgitating from stomach

Answer 56

inferior esophageal

Question 57

rhythmic contraction of digestive tubes

Answer 57

peristalsis

Question 58

what is the general path of peristalsis?

Answer 58

begins in the esophagus, continues through GI tract and pushing the bolus along

Question 59

when is peristalsis controlled voluntarily, slightly voluntarily, and involuntarily?

Answer 59

(1) top 1/3 of esophagus (2) middle 1/3 of esophagus (3) involuntary after 2/3

Question 60

where is the stomach located?

Answer 60

in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity

Question 61

what is the function of the stomach?

Answer 61

mechanical and chemical digestion of the bolus which processes into chyme