Ch20 (Endocrine System)

Question 1

these are ductless and allow hormones to travel through bloodstream

Answer 1

endocrine glands

Question 2

a ____ can only affect organs that have receptors for it specifically

Answer 2

hormone

Question 3

this type of loop will turn down secretion of hormones as the levels get high

Answer 3

negative feedback

Question 4

this type of loop senses oxytocin levels increasing, which increases contraction from the uterus and more oxytocin is secreted

Answer 4

positive feedback

Question 5

_____ is a major control center of the endocrine system

Answer 5

hypothalamus

Question 6

name the three functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 6

(1) secretes regulatory hormones that control the release of anterior pituitary hormones, (2) produces oxytocin & antidiuretic hormones, (3) controls the simulation of the adrenal gland medulla

Question 7

this gland is attached via infundibulum, housed in sella turcica of sphenoid bone, and divided into anterior & posterior lobes

Answer 7

pituitary gland or hypophysis gland

Question 8

this gland secrets many hormones and is highly vascular

Answer 8

anterior pituitary gland or adenohypophysis

Question 9

_____ act on other endocrine glands

Answer 9

tropic hormones

Question 10

this hormone promotes growth & development of all body parts during stages of growth

Answer 10

growth hormone (GH)thi

Question 11

this hormone promotes gamete production & stimulates estrogen production

Answer 11

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 12

this hormone stimulates sex hormone secretion

Answer 12

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 13

this hormone stimulated secretion of thyroid hormones

Answer 13

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 14

this hormone regulates secretion of hormones from adrenal cortex

Answer 14

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 15

this hormone stimulates milk production

Answer 15

prolactin (PRL)

Question 16

this hormone is a body’s natural painkillers

Answer 16

endorphins

Question 17

________ is the hyposecretion of growth hormones during childhood

Answer 17

pituitary dwarfism

Question 18

________ is the hypersecretion of growth hormones during childhood

Answer 18

gigantism

Question 19

________ is the hypersecretion of growth hormones during adulthood

Answer 19

acromegaly

Question 20

hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus are stored in the _______

Answer 20

posterior pituitary gland

Question 21

this hormone reduces fluid loss through urine

Answer 21

antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin

Question 22

this hormone induces contraction of uterine muscles during childbirth

Answer 22

oxytocin

Question 23

this gland is a small, cone-shaped body in the posterior epithalamus, and secretes melatonin

Answer 23

pineal gland

Question 24

this gland is butterfly-shaped and secrets calcitonin and thyroxine

Answer 24

thyroid gland

Question 25

_____ lowers blood calcium levels

Answer 25

calcitonin

Question 26

_____ regulates digestion, heart & muscle function & brain development

Answer 26

thryoxine

Question 27

this condition is a cause of the thyroid gland not working properly or a lack of iodine

Answer 27

hypothyroidism

Question 28

this condition is hyposecretion during the first months of life

Answer 28

cretinism

Question 29

this condition is caused by hypersecretion of the thyroid hormone, can be caused by graves disease

Answer 29

hyperthyroidism

Question 30

these are small glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Answer 30

parathyroid glands

Question 31

these hormones raise blood calcium levels if they get too low

Answer 31

parathyroid hormones (PTH)

Question 32

two pairs of hormones having opposite effects but work together to maintain homeostasis

Answer 32

antagonistic hormones

Question 33

the ____ secrets thymosin and is larger in infants/children than adults

Answer 33

thymus

Question 34

this hormone helps develop mature T cells (immune function)

Answer 34

thymosins

Question 35

these glands sit on the superior borders of the kidneys

Answer 35

adrenal glands

Question 36

this cortex is an outer part on the adrenal glands and produces 3 types of corticosteroid hormones

Answer 36

adrenal cortex

Question 37

this cortex is an inner part of the adrenal gland and secretes fight or flight hormones

Answer 37

adrenal medulla

Question 38

this hormone influences mineral balance

Answer 38

aldosterone/mineralocorticoids

Question 39

this hormone reduces inflammation

Answer 39

cortisol/glucocorticoids

Question 40

this hormone contributes to the development of male sex characteristics

Answer 40

androgens/gonadcorticoids

Question 41

these two hormones are the fight or flight response for the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 41

norepinephrine & epinephrine

Question 42

this organ secretes insulin and glucagon

Answer 42

pancreas

Question 43

this hormone lowers blood sugar levels if they are too high

Answer 43

insulin

Question 44

this hormone raises blood sugar levels if they get too low

Answer 44

glucagon

Question 45

this condition is a lack of insulin secretion and is an early onset

Answer 45

Type 1 diabetes

Question 46

this condition is normal or increased insulin secretion but reduced sensitivity of insulin target cells, late onset

Answer 46

Type 2 diabetes

Question 47

the ____ produces sex hormones & germ cells

Answer 47

gonads

Question 48

this hormone promotes breast development & menstrual cycke

Answer 48

estrogen

Question 49

this hormone maintains lining of uterus during pregnancy

Answer 49

progesterone

Question 50

this organ produces androgens such as testosterone

Answer 50

testes