ch 27 syudy guide - fluids

Question 1

intracellular fluid

Answer 1

Makes up about 2/3 of body fluids.

Found within cells.

Question 2

extracellular fluid

Answer 2

Makes up about 1/3 of body fluids.

Includes interstitial fluid (80%) and plasma (20%).

Question 3

fluid balance

Answer 3

balance between the amount of water gained and the amount of water lost

Question 4

electrolyte balance

Answer 4

balance between the amount of electrolytes gained and the amount of electrolytes lost

Question 5

electrolytes

Answer 5

ions released thru diassociation of inorganic compounds

Question 6

what governs movement between compartments

Answer 6

osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and oncotic pressure.

Question 7

how do we gain water

Answer 7

Ingested liquids: ~1600 mL/day.

Moist foods: ~700 mL/day.

Metabolic water (from aerobic respiration and dehydration synthesis): ~200 mL/day.

Question 8

how do we lose water

Answer 8

Kidneys (urine): ~1500 mL/day.

Skin (sweat and insensible): ~600 mL/day.

Lungs (exhalation): ~300 mL/day.

GI tract (feces): ~100 mL/day

Question 9

major electrolytes (7)

Answer 9

sodium
chloride
potassium
bicarbonate
calcium
phosphate
magnesium

Question 10

sodium function

Answer 10

Most abundant extracellular ion.

Affects ECF volume and nerve/muscle function.

Question 11

chloride function

Answer 11

Follows Na⁺ to maintain osmotic balance.

Important in forming HCl in stomach.

Question 12

potassium function

Answer 12

Most abundant intracellular ion.

Essential for nerve impulses, muscle contraction, pH balance.

Question 13

bicarbonate ion

Answer 13

Major buffer in blood plasma.

Question 14

calcium function

Answer 14

Vital for blood clotting, neurotransmission, muscle tone.

Question 15

phosphate function

Answer 15

Part of DNA, RNA, ATP.

Acts as buffer in ICF and urine.

Question 16

magnesium function

Answer 16

Involved in enzyme activity, nerve function, and heart rhythm.

Question 17

acidosis

Answer 17

abnormally low blood pH

Question 18

alkalosis

Answer 18

abnormally high blood pH

Question 19

acid-base balance

Answer 19

balance between the amount of hydrogen ions gained and the amount of hydrogen ions lost

Question 20

fluid shifts

Answer 20

rapid water movements between ECF and ICF in response to an osmotic gradient

Question 21

hyponatremia

Answer 21

when the concentration of sodium in your blood is abnormally low
- caused by hyperhydration

Question 22

hypernatremia

Answer 22

when the concentration of sodium in your blood is abnormally high
- caused by dehydration

Question 23

hypokalemia

Answer 23

a condition where the blood potassium level is abnormally low

Question 24

hyperkalemia

Answer 24

a condition where the blood potassium level is abnormally high

Question 25

3 types of acids in the body

Answer 25

fixed metabolic volatile

Question 26

fixed acids

Answer 26

acids that do not leave the solution

Question 27

metabolic acids

Answer 27

participants in or by-products of cellular metabolism

Question 28

volatile acids

Answer 28

can move between liquid and gas

Question 29

basic relationship between CO2 and blood pH

Answer 29

when CO2 increases, pH decreases when CO2 decreases, pH increases

Question 30

strong acids and strong bases

Answer 30

dissociate completely in solution

Question 31

weak acids or weak bases

Answer 31

do not dissociate completely in solution

Question 32

buffers

Answer 32

dissolved compounds that stabilize the pH of a solution by adding or removing

Question 33

lists the solid components of the human body by weight from greatest to smallest?

Answer 33

Proteins > lipids > minerals > carbohydrates

Question 34

principal ions in the intracellular compartment

Answer 34

potassium phosphate magnesium

Question 35

the most abundant cation in the ICF?

Answer 35

potassium

Question 36

the most abundant cation in the ECF?

Answer 36

sodium

Question 37

Which of the following are hormones that mediate adjustments to fluid balance and electrolyte balance?

Answer 37

BNP Aldosterone ADH