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a + p 2 > ch 21 - blood vessels > Flashcards

ch 21 - blood vessels Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

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2
Q

arterioles

A

smallest branches of the arteries that lead to capillary beds
- resistance vessels

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3
Q

capillaries

A

smallest blood vessels

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4
Q

venules

A

smallest branches of veins that collect blood from capillaries

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5
Q

veins

A

return blood to the heart

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6
Q

layers of the vessel wall

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

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7
Q

internal elastic membrane

A

outer margin of the tunica intima in arteries

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8
Q

external elastic membrane

A

thin band of elastic fibers that separates the tunica media from tunica externa

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9
Q

differences between arteries and veins

A

arteries have thicker walls w/ more smooth muscle

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10
Q

vasoconstriction

A

contraction of the arterial smooth muscle which results in a smaller diameter

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11
Q

vasodilation

A

relaxation of the arterial smooth muscle which makes the diameter larger

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12
Q

3 types of arteries

A

elastic arteries
muscular arteries
arterioles

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13
Q

elastic arteries

A

aka conducting arteries
- largest arteries, closest to the heart

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14
Q

muscular arteries

A

distribution arteries
- medium sized arteries

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15
Q

aneurysm

A

bulge in a weakened arterial wall

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16
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening and thickening of the arterial wall

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17
Q

atherosclerosis

A

formation of lipid deposits

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18
Q

focal calcification

A

deposition of calcium salts in the tunica media, associated w/ aging

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19
Q

types of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoids

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20
Q

continuous capillaries

A

found in all tissues except epithelia and cartilage

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21
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

permit exchange of water and larger solutes
- have pores in the endothelial lining

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22
Q

sinusoids

A

permit exchange of water and large plasma proteins

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23
Q

capillary beds/plexus

A

networks of interconnected capillaries

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24
Q

precapillary sphincters

A

smooth muscle cells that control blood flow through capillaries in a capillary bed by opening and closing certain capillaries

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25
thoroughfare channels
direct passageway connections between arterioles and venules in the capillary bed
26
collaterals
different arteries that contribute to the same capillary bed
27
arterial anastomosis
interconnection between arteries
28
arteriovenous anastomoses
direct connections between arterioles and venules to bypass the capillary bed
29
angiogenesis
formation of new blood vessels - stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor
30
types of veins
venules medium sized veins
31
venules
very small veins that collect blood from capillaries
32
medium sized veins
have all 3 layers w/ a thin tunica media
33
large veins
all 3 layers and a thick tunica externa
34
venous valves
folds of the tunics intima
35
blood flow (F) is determined by
pressure (P) and resistance (R) in the cardiovascular system
36
pressure gradient
difference in pressure from one end of a vessel to the other
37
blood pressure (BP)
arterial pressure (mm Hg)
38
capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
pressure of blood within the capillaries
39
venous pressure
pressure of blood in the veins
40
total peripheral resistance
resistance of the entire cardiovascular system
41
factors that affect total peripheral resistance
blood viscocity turbulence vascular resistance
42
blood pressure
systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
43
systolic pressure
peak arterial pressure during ventricular systole
44
diastolic pressure
minimum arterial pressure at end of ventricular diastole
45
pulse
Rhythmic fluctuation in pressure of arteries that accompanies each heartbeat
46
pulse pressure
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
47
normal blood pressure
120/80
48
hypertension
abnormally high blood pressure
49
hypotension
low blood pressure
50
respiratory pump
pressure changes in thoracic cavity during breathing push blood through veins
51
capillary exchange
chemical and gaseous exchange between blood in capillaries and interstitial fluid
52
3 methods materials move across capillary walls
diffusion filtration reabsorption
53
net filtration pressure
difference between the net hydrostatic pressure and the ent osmotic pressure
54
tissue perfusion
amount of blood through a tissue
55
vasomotion
rhymic changes in vessel diameter
56
autoregulation
causes immediate localized homeostatic adjustments to flow in specific tissues and organs
57
neural regulation
central regulation that involves rapid, short-term adjustments
58
endocrine regulation
central regulation by hormones
59
vasoconstrictors vs vasodilators
VC: reduce blood flow by closing precapillary sphincters VD: increase bloodflow by opening precapilalry sphincters
60
where does neural regulation take place
cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongaa
61
baroreceptor reflexes
respond to changes in blood pressure
62
chemoreceptor reflexes
respond to changes in chemical composition
63
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke
blockage or rupture in a cerebral artery, which results in neuronal death
64
left and right PULMONARY arteries carry
deoxygenated blood to the lungs
65
largest systemic artery
aorta
66
subclavian arteries
supply blood to arms, vhest wall, shoulders, back and CNS
67
brachial artery
supplies blood to upper limb
68
common carotid arteries divide into
external and internal carotid

a + p 2 (29 decks)

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