ch 23 pt 2

Question 1

bronchitis

Answer 1

Inflammation and constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles

Question 2

bronchioles

Answer 2

smallest branches of the bronchial tree

Question 3

terminal branches

Answer 3

smallest conducting branches

Question 4

bronchodilation

Answer 4

enlarges the luminal diameter of airway

Question 5

bronchoconstriction

Answer 5

reduces luminal diameter of airway

Question 6

asthma

Answer 6

severe bronchoconstriction duento excessive stimulation of airway smooth muscles

Question 7

respiratory bronchioles are connected to alveoli along

Answer 7

alveolar ducts

Question 8

alveolar sacs

Answer 8

common chambers connected to many individual alveoli

Question 9

pneumocytes

Answer 9

cells lining the alveoli in the lungs

type 1: facilitate gas exchange
type 2: produce surfactant - oily secretion that coats alveolar surface

Question 10

gas exchange happens across the

Answer 10

blood-air barrier

Question 11

3 layers of blood air barrier

Answer 11

1. alveolar cell layer
2. capillary endothelial layer
3. fused basement membrane

Question 12

lobes of the right and left lung

Answer 12

right: superior, middle and inferior
- right lung is wider

left: superior and inferior
- left lung is longer

Question 13

hilum

Answer 13

groove that allows passage of the main bronchi, pulmonary vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

Question 14

pulmonary lobules

Answer 14

small segments of lung tissue

Question 15

pulmonary embolism

Answer 15

a condition where a mobing clot blocks a branch of the pulmonary artery and stops blood flow

Question 16

pleura

Answer 16

serous membrane that lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall

Question 17

parietal vs visceral pleura

Answer 17

parietal: outer layer
visceral: inner layer that covers outer surface of lungs

Question 18

thoracentesis

Answer 18

removal of pleural fluid for examination

Question 19

pleurisy

Answer 19

pain and inflammation due to reduced lubrication

Question 20

external vs internal respiration

Answer 20

External: is the exchange of gases with the external environment, and occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.

Internal: is the exchange of gases with the internal environment, and occurs in the tissues.

Question 21

anoxia

Answer 21

complete lack of oxygen in tissues

Question 22

pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

Answer 22

physical movement if air in and out of respiratory tract

Question 23

boyle’s law

Answer 23

a gas’s pressure and volume are inversely proportional
- When the temperature is kept constant, as volume increases, pressure decreases and vice versa

Question 24

at rest Pressure outside =

Answer 24

Pressure inside

Question 25

pressure during inhalation vs exhalation

Answer 25

Inhalation: P outside > P inside Exhalation: P outside < P inside

Question 26

muscles used in inhalation - inhalation is always active

Answer 26

diaphragm EXTERNAL intercostal muscles accesssory muscles

Question 27

muscles used in exhalation -exhalation is passive

Answer 27

diaphragm INTERNAL intercostal muscles abdominal muscles

Question 28

eupnea

Answer 28

quiet breathing

Question 29

hypernea

Answer 29

forced breathing

Question 30

normal atmospheric pressure

Answer 30

1 atm = 760 mm Hg

Question 31

intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 31

pressure inside the alveoli

Question 32

compliance

Answer 32

a measure of expandability of the lungs

Question 33

respiratory rate

Answer 33

number of breaths per minute

Question 34

tidal volume

Answer 34

the amount of air that moves into or out of the lungs during a normal breath amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle

Question 35

respiratory minute volume

Answer 35

amount of air moved in and out of the lungs per minute

Question 36

alveolar ventilation

Answer 36

amount of air that reaches the alveoli in a minute

Question 37

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 37

additional amount of air that can be inhaled above a tidal volume

Question 38

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 38

additonal amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal resting exhalation

Question 39

residual volume

Answer 39

amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a person has exhaled as much as possible

Question 40

minimal volume

Answer 40

the amount of air that would remain in the lungs if they collapse

Question 41

inspiratory capacity

Answer 41

the amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs

Question 42

Functional residual capacity

Answer 42

the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a quiet respiratory cycle

Question 43

vital capacity

Answer 43

the maximum amount of air that can be moved in to or out of the lungs during a single breath

Question 44

total lung capacity

Answer 44

total volume of the lungs

Question 45

Dalton's law

Answer 45

in a gas mixture, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas,

Question 46

partial pressure

Answer 46

pressure contributed by a single gas in a mixture

Question 47

henry's law

Answer 47

at a given temperature, the amount of gas in solution is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas

Question 48

bohr effect

Answer 48

effect of pH on hemoglobin saturation

Question 50

pharynx function

Answer 50

a passageway for air to enter the larynx and lungs and food and liquid to enter the esophagus

Question 51

trachea function

Answer 51

serve as a passageway for air to move in and out of the lungs, also helping to warm, humidify, and filter the air before it reaches the lungs

Question 52

gas law that describes the pressure change that occur during pulmonary ventilation

Answer 52

boyles law

Question 53

what structure is anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi

Answer 53

trachea

Question 54

exhalation begins when

Answer 54

inspiration muscles relax

Question 55

residual + expiratory reserve volume =

Answer 55

functional residual capacity

Question 56

how to calculate respiratory minute volume (mL/min)

Answer 56

multiply the tidal volume by the respiratory rate