ch 19 - blood

Question 1

the cardiovascular system consists of

Answer 1

blood
heart
blood vessels

Question 2

blood vessels

Answer 2

series of conducting passageways that carry blood through the body

Question 3

blood

Answer 3

connective tissue that contains cells suspended in a fluid matrix

Question 4

plasma

Answer 4

fluid component of blood

Question 5

formed elements

Answer 5

RBCs
WBCs
platelets (cell fragments)

Question 6

what are the component sof blood

Answer 6

55% plasma
45% formed elements (platelets, WBCs and RBCs)

Question 7

hematocrit

Answer 7

the percentage of red blood cells within a sample of whole blood

Question 8

what is the process that produces formed elements

Answer 8

hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis

Question 9

functions of blood

Answer 9

transports dissolved gasses
regulates the pH
restricts fluids at injury sites

Question 10

characteristics of blood
temp, volume, ph

Answer 10

pH: slighlty alkaline (7.35-7.45)
voume: 7% of body weight in kilograms
temp: 98.6 Fahrenheit

Question 11

fractionation

Answer 11

process of separating whole blood into plasma and formed elemenets

Question 12

plasma contents

Answer 12

92% water
plasma proteins

Question 13

plasma proteins (3)

Answer 13

albumins
globulins
fibrinogen

Question 14

albumins

Answer 14

about 60% of plasma proteins
- contributes to osmotic pressure of plasma

Question 15

globulins

Answer 15

about 35% of proteins in plasma
- antibodies + transports globulins

Question 16

fibrinogen

Answer 16

form the basic framework for a blood clot

Question 17

venipuncture

Answer 17

blood for analysis collected from veins

Question 18

arterial puncture

Answer 18

collection of blood from an artery for blood gas analysis

Question 19

red blood cells
aka + function

Answer 19

aka erythrocytes
- transport of oxygen in blood

Question 20

RBCs structure

Answer 20

-biconcave discs
-form stacks called rouleaux, which allow for smooth blood flow
- anucleate (no nuclei)
- unable to divide

Question 21

hemoglobin

Answer 21

protein in RBCs that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 22

4 polypeptides of hemoglobin

Answer 22

2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains

Question 23

heme

Answer 23

iron containing pigment in each polypeptide

Question 24

deoxyhemoglobin

Answer 24

hemoglobin that doesnt carry oxygen

Question 25

anemia

Answer 25

condition that results from low hematocrit or reduced Hb content

Question 26

erythropoiesis

Answer 26

RBC formation

Question 27

hemocytoblasts

Answer 27

stem cells in myeloid tissue that produce myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells

Question 28

myeloid stem cells

Answer 28

precursors to RBC and several classes of WBCs

Question 29

lymphoid stem cells

Answer 29

precursors to lymphocytes

Question 30

erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 30

hormone that stimulates erythropoiesis (RBC maturation)

Question 31

when is EPO secreted and where

Answer 31

secreted by kidneys and liver when oxygen in peripheral tissue is low (hypoxia)

Question 32

RBC maturation (erythropoiesis) steps

Question 33

when RBCs finish their life cycle, they

Answer 33

hemolyze (rupture)

Question 34

hemoglobinuria

Answer 34

red or brown urine due to high Hb content

Question 35

hematuria

Answer 35

RBCs in the urine due to kidney or blood vessel damage

Question 36

in hemoglobin recycling, the heme unit is converted to a green compound called

Answer 36

biliverdin

Question 37

what is biliverdin converted to

Answer 37

the orange-yellow pigment called bilirubin

Question 38

transferrin

Answer 38

the plasma protein that iron binds to in the bloodstream

Question 39

excess iron is stored as

Answer 39

ferritin

Question 40

antigens

Answer 40

substances that can trigger an immune response

Question 41

surface antigens

Answer 41

antigens on the plasma membrane that identify cells to the immune system

Question 42

blood type

Answer 42

determined by the presence or absence of surface antigens

Question 43

4 blood types

Answer 43

A B AB O

Question 44

type A blood

Answer 44

has surface antigen A

Question 45

type B blood

Answer 45

has surface antigen B

Question 46

type AB blood

Answer 46

has both surface antigens A and B

Question 47

type O blood

Answer 47

doesn't have A or B surface antigens

Question 48

antibodies

Answer 48

globulins in plasma that attack foreign antigen aka agglutinins

Question 49

agglutinate

Answer 49

clumping of RBCs

Question 50

type A blood antibodies

Answer 50

anti B antibodies

Question 51

type B blood antibodies

Answer 51

anti A antibodies

Question 52

type O antibodies

Answer 52

both anti A and B antibodies

Question 53

type AB antibodies

Answer 53

neither A nor B antibodies