Ch 3

Question 1

membrane lipid

Answer 1

phospholipid, glycolipid, cholesterol

Question 2

phosphate head

Answer 2

polar and hydrophilic

Question 3

fatty acid tail

Answer 3

nonpolar and hydrophobic

Question 4

2 Types of membrane protein

Answer 4

integral and peripheral

Question 5

function of membrane protein

Answer 5

transport, receptor, attach to cytoskeleton, enzymatic activity, intercellular joining, cell-cell recognition.

Question 6

cells are surrounded by

Answer 6

interstitual fluid

Question 7

plasma membrane is

Answer 7

selectively permeable

Question 8

passive process

Answer 8

no atp required, substance moves down concentration gradient

Question 9

active process

Answer 9

atp required,

Question 10

Two passive processes

Answer 10

diffusion and filtration

Question 11

collisions cause

Answer 11

molecules to move down concentratiojn gradient

Question 12

Diffusion influenced by

Answer 12

concentration gradient
temperature
mass
surface area 
distance

Question 13

facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

bind to protein carrier

moving through water filled- ion channel

Question 14

leakage channel

Answer 14

always open

Question 15

gated channel

Answer 15

controlled by chemical signals

Question 16

osmosis

Answer 16

solvent high to low concentration

Question 17

active transport

Answer 17

primary- direct atp
secondary- indirect atp
-symport and antiport pumps

Question 18

vesicular transport

Answer 18

transport large particles through membrane sacs called vessicles

endocytosis- transport in cell

exocytosis- transport out of cell

transcytosis- in n out of cell

vessicular trafficking- from one area to another in cell

Question 19

pinocytosis

Answer 19

plasma membrane infolds and brings extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes inside cell.

Question 20

cytoskeleton

Answer 20

rods through cytosol, proteins link rod to other cell structure.

Microfilament
microtubule
intermediate filament

Question 21

microfilament

Answer 21

mechanical support

Question 22

intermediate filament

Answer 22

anchor organelles

Question 23

microtubule

Answer 23

helps move substance

Question 24

centrosome

Answer 24

organelle near nucleus controls organization of microtubules

Question 25

centriole

Answer 25

small tubes by microtubule

Question 26

microvilli

Answer 26

fingerlike, increase surface area

Question 27

ribosome

Answer 27

protein production

Question 28

ER

Answer 28

interconnected tube, Rough ER and Smooth ER

Question 29

Smooth ER

Answer 29

Lipid metabolism; cholesterol and steroid-based hormone synthesis Detoxification of drugs

Question 30

golgi apparatus

Answer 30

package, modified, sent off

Question 31

lysosome

Answer 31

bag containing digestive enzyme

Question 32

peroxisome

Answer 32

powerful oxidase, detoxify harmful substance, neutralize free radical

Question 33

proteasome

Answer 33

destroy faulty, unneeded, faulty protein by cutting smaller peptides

Question 34

mitochondria

Answer 34

provide atp

Question 35

nucleus

Answer 35

blueprint for celular protein

Question 36

chromatin

Answer 36

strand dna, arranged as nucleosome, condenses into chromosome

Question 37

nucleoli

Answer 37

rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

Question 38

rRNA

Answer 38

translate message from mrna

Question 39

mRNA

Answer 39

instruction for building polypeptide

Question 40

tRNA

Answer 40

bind to amino acid and pair with base of codon of mRNA

Question 41

protein synthesis

Answer 41

replication- dna duplicated transcription- dna informed coded in mRNA translation- mRNA decoded to assemble polypeptide

Question 42

codon

Answer 42

three base sequence of mRNA

Question 43

anticodon

Answer 43

binds mRNA at ribosome by hydrogen atoms

Question 44

meiosis

Answer 44

cell division produce gametes

Question 45

mitotic cell division

Answer 45

produce clones

Question 46

mitosis

Answer 46

division of nucleus

Question 47

cell cycle

Answer 47

G1- growth s- growth and dna synthesis g2- growth and final phase for division

Question 48

mitotic phases

Answer 48

prophase- chromatin condenses into chromosome metaphase- centromeres of chromosome line up anaphase- chromosome split and sister cell move up telophase- spindle dissolve, regain chromatin appearance, forms new membrane cytokenesis- cytoplasm split