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Anatomy And Physiology > CH 4 > Flashcards

CH 4 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Primary Tissues

A

Epithelial- cover
connective- support
muscle- produce movement
nerve- controls

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2
Q

epithelial functions

A 
protect
absorb
filtration
excretion
secretion
sensory
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3
Q

Epithelial characteristics

A 
polarity
specialized contact
support by connective tissue
avascular, innervate 
regenerate
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4
Q

cells have polarity

A

apical surface

basal surface

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5
Q

microvilli

A

fingerlike, increase surface area

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6
Q

basal lamina

A

underside of epithelial layer

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7
Q

specialized contact

A

bind adjacent cells:

Tight junction and desmosomes

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8
Q

connective tissue support

A

reticular lamina- under basal lamina and network of collagen fibers

basement membrane- basal + reticular lamina
resist stretching and tearing

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9
Q

avascular but innervated

A

no blood vessels, nourished by underlying connective tissue

supplied by nerve fibers

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10
Q

regeneration

A

stimulate by loss of apical-basal polarity and lateral contact

adequate nutrition can replace lost cell by cell division

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11
Q

simple epithelia

A

absorb, secrete, filtrate, very thin

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12
Q

simple squamous

A

(secrete) allow material to pass through diffusion.

found in rapid diffusion prioritizes

(kidney, lungs)

endothelium- lines lymph, blood vessels and heart

mesothelium- epithelium of serous membrane in ventral body cavity

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13
Q

simple cuboidal

A

secretion and absorption

kidney tubule

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14
Q

simple columnar

A

absorption and secretion of mucus and enzymes by cilia

digestive tracht, gall bladder, stomach to rectum

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15
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

single layer, nucleus at different levels

Secrete substances particularly mucus, propulsion by ciliary.

most of upper respiratory tracht

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16
Q

stratified epithelial tissue

A

2 or more layers, regenerate from below, protection is major role

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17
Q

stratified squamous

A

surface cells have keratin and dead, basal cells are active produce more cells

protects against abrasion

epidermis, esophagus, vagina

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18
Q

stratified cuboidal

A

rare, found in sweat and mammary, 2 cell layers thick

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19
Q

stratified columnar

A

protection and secretion

male urethra and some in large glands

basal cells cuboidal superficial columnar

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20
Q

transitional epithelium

A

change shape and stretch, forms hollow urinary organs

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21
Q

gland

A

cells that make and secrete aqueous fluid called secretion

classified by endocrine or exocrine

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22
Q

ductless gland

A

secretion not released in duct

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23
Q

endocrine

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A

secrete hormone through lymph or blood

24
Q

exocrine

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A

secretes to body surface

sweat, oil, saliva

25
unicellular exocrine gland
mucous and goblet cells produce mucin, in water becomes mucous
26
multicellular gland
simple or compound gland, branched or unbranched tubular, alveolar, tubuloalveolar secrete: Merocrine - exocytosis- sweat holocrine- accumulate then rupture apocrine- accumulates but only apex ruptures
27
connective tissue
made up off: ground substance, fibers, cells function: bind and support, protecting, insulating, storing reserve fuel, transporting substance
28
connective tissue characteristic
mesenchyme embryonic tissue varying vascularity extracellular matrix- nonliving
29
ground substance
unstructured materials between cells, medium for solutes to diffuse between blood capillary and cells.
30
fibers
collagen- strongest most abundant, strength elastic fiber- elastin fiber that allow for stretch and recoil reticular- short, branched collagen fiber
31
blast cell
immature, secrete ground substance and fiber
32
types of blasts
fibroblast- connective tissue proper chondroblast- cartilage osteoblast-bone
33
cyte cell
mature cell, maintain matrix
34
type of cytes
chondrocytes- cartilage osteocyte- bones
35
other connective tissue cell
fat- storage white blood- tissue injury mast- inflammatory response against foreign microorganism macrophage- phagocyte that eat dead cells, microorganism
36
connective tissue proper
loose connective- areolar, adipose, reticular dense connective- dense, irregular, elastic
37
areolar
gel matrix, wraps and cushions
38
adipocyte
reserve fuel,
39
reticular
support free blood cell in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow.
40
loose connective tissue
network of reticular fiber, forms soft internal skeleton (stroma) that support other cells
41
dense regular
primarily collagen made of fibroblast, attach to muscle or bone tendons and ligaments
42
dense irregular
irregular collagen fiber arrangement, withstand tension exerted in all directions
43
elastic connective tissue
dense regular connective tissue contain elastic fiber, allow recoil after stretching (walls of arteries)
44
hyaline cartilage
firm matrix, collagen fiber form imperceptible network support and reinforce as cushion forms most of embryonic skeleton
45
elastic cartilage
similair to hyaline but more elastic fiber maintains structure while allowing flexibility ear
46
fibrocartilage
thick collagen fibers, tenseness allows for absorbing shock. intervertebral disks
47
bone
calcified matrix, contains collagen fiber support and protects
48
blood
atypical connective tissue transport
49
muscle tissue
responsible for movement, highly vascularized
50
types of muscle tissue
skeletal- voluntary, found in skeletal cardiac- found in walls of heart, involuntary smooth- walls of hollow organ except heart, involuntary
51
nervous tissue
branching cells, extend from nucleus transmit electrical signals
52
lining membrane
cutaneous mucous serous
53
cutaneous membrane
skin- keratinized epidermis attached to thick connective tissue
54
mucous membrane
line body cavity that is open to exterior
55
serous membrane
line body cavity that are closed to closed to exterior closed ventral body cavity
56
tissue repair
regeneration- same tissue replace old tissue original function restored fibrosis- connective tissue replaces old tissue original function lost
57
step in tissue repair
inflammation organization restores blood supply regeneration

Anatomy And Physiology (15 decks)

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