ch 3 Flashcards
unlearned responses triggered by specific stimulation
reflexes
Newborn health assessment that measures 5 vital signs: breathing, heart rate, muscle tone, presence of reflexes, and skin tone.
Apgar score
Apgar score must be # or higher to indicate that the baby is in good physical condition
7
comprehensive newborn assessment scale that provides a detailed report of newborn to 24 month-old’s behavior.
Neonatal Behavioral Assessment (NBA)
The NBA includes 28 behavioral items along with 18 items that test reflexes. The baby’s performance is used to evaluate the functioning of these 4 systems:
- autonomic
- motor
- state (ability to maintain state)
- social
The 4 newborn states:
- Alert inactivity
- Waking activity
- Crying
- Sleeping
the state which a baby is calm, with eyes open and attentive, and seems to be deliberately inspecting its environment
alert inactivity
the state in which a baby’s eyes are open but seem unfocused while the arms or legs move in bursts of uncoordinated motion
waking activity
the state in which a baby cries vigorously, usually accompanied by agitated but uncoordinated movement
crying
the state in which a baby alternates from being still and breathing regularly to moving gently and breathing irregularly, with the eyes closed throughout
sleeping
a cry that starts softly, gradually becomes more intense, and is often heard when babies are hungry or tired.
basic cry
a more intense version of a basic cry
mad cry
Newborns sleep 16 to 18 hours a day and typically go through a cycle of wakefulness and sleep about every # hours.
4 hours
roughly half of a newborns’ sleep period is __________. _____ sleep drops to about 33% by the child’s first birthday
irregular, or rapid eye movement sleep (REM)
a cry that begins with a sudden long burst, followed by a long pause and gasping
pain cry
sleep in which an infant’s eyes dart rapidly beneath the eyelids while the body is quite active
irregular or rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM)
sleep in which heart rate, breathing, and brain activity are steady
regular (non-REM) sleep
SIDS occurs in infants ___ to ____ old. Most SIDS deaths are between # and # months of age due to waning reflexes.
- 1 to 12 months
- 2 and 4 months
a consistent style or pattern of behavior
temperament
Rothbart’s theory on temperament includes 3 dimensions:
- surgency/extroversion (extent to which child is happy, active, vocal, seeks stimulation)
- negative affect (extent to which child is angry, fearful, frustrated, shy, and easily soothed)
- Effortful control (extent to which child focuses attention, is not readily distracted, and can inhibit responses)
infants ____ their birth weight by 3 months of age and triple it by their first birthday
double
At roughly 3 weeks after conception, a group of cells form a flat structure known as the _____.
neural plate
As the number of dendrites increases, so does the number of synapses, reaching a peak around the first birthday. Soon after, synapses disappear gradually, a phenomenon known as ________.
synaptic pruning
the process by which the wiring of the brain is organized by experiences that are common to most humans
experience-expectant growth
