Flashcards in Intro to Human Development Deck (34)
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1
changes in human performance dependent on maturation
development
2
multidisciplinary study on how people change and remain the same over time
human development
3
quantitative/measurable changes that occur over time e.g. height, weight, etc.
growth
4
qualitative changes related to growth; physical, emotional and intellectual development
maturation
5
acquisition of a new skill/behavior related to interaction with the environment; involves repetition and practice
learning
6
ability/process to anticipate and react to a stimulus by modification
adaptation
7
biopsychosocial framework: genetics and lifestyle factors
biological
8
biopsychosocial framework: cognitive, emotional, peronality, perceptual factors
psychological
9
biopsychosocial framework: racial, cultural, societal, ethnic factors
sociocultural
10
biopsychosocial framework: differences in how the same events affect people of different ages "Timing is everything"
life-cycle
11
List Characteristics of human development (3)
- Nature and nurture
- continuity and discontinuity
- universal and context-specific
12
What is nature vs nurture?
nature - influences of genetics or hereditary
nurture - influences of experiences and environment
13
What is continuity vs. discontinuity
smooth progression vs. series of abrupt shifts
14
What is universal and context-specific?
universal - all follow same path of development
context-specific - interactions with environment shape development
15
development is largely determined by how well people resolve conflicts at different ages
psychodynamic theory
16
A personality developed by interaction of an internal maturational plan and external societal demands
Life cycle = 8 stages. Order is biologically fixed
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
17
development determined by learning from experiences or from observation
learning theory
18
consequences of behavior determine if behavior is repeated in the future
B.F. Skinner - Behaviorism: operant conditioning
19
people learn appropriate behaviors by imitation; self-efficacy determines what behaviors are imitated
Bandura - Social learning theory
20
focused on how people think and how thinking changes over time
Cognitive-developmental theory
21
Cognitive-developmental theory influences (3):
- Piaget's theory
- Information-processing theory
- Vygotsky's Theory
22
children develop cognitively through environmental interactions which leads to more sophisticated understanding and reasoning; adaptation is key.
Piaget's Theory
23
The 4 stages of Piaget's Theory:
1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational thought
3. Concrete operational thought
4. Formal operational thought
24
developmental changes reflective of mental hardware (cognitive structures that allow storage of information) and mental software (cognitive processes that allow completion of tasks)
Information-processing theory
25
emphasized sociocultural influences on thinking; children develop by learning values, customs, and cultural beliefs from adults
Vygotsky's Theory
26
focused on the complex, multi-level environmental influences on development
ecological and systems theory
27
?
development within a series of interactive systems:
1. Microsystem - ?
2. Mesosystem - ?
3. Exosystem - ?
4. Macrosystem - ?
Bronfenbrenner's theory
1. Microsystem - immediate environment
2. Mesosystem - connections between microsystems
3. Exosystem - social settings that do not include person
4. Macrosystem - cultures and subcultures
28
abilities reflect systems in which a person lives
competence-environmental press theory
29
Lifelong development theory's 3 influences:
- life-span perspective
- selective optimization with compensation model
- life-course perspective
30
