CH 3 Flashcards
self-concept
an individual’s self-beliefs and self-evaluations
3 elements of selfconcept
complexity, consistency and clarity
self-enhancement
a person’s inherent motivation to have a positive self-concept (and to have others perceive her favorably), such as being competent, attractive, lucky, ethical, and important.
self-verification
a person’s inherent motivation to confirm and maintain his or her existing self-concept.
self-evaluation
self esteem/efficacy and lotus of control
self-esteem
how much you like and respect yourself
self-efficacy
person’s belief about successfully completing a task (ie MARS in a situation)
lotus of control
general belief about how much control you have over personal life events.
social identity theory
a theory stating that people define themselves by the groups to which they belong or have an emotional attachment.
perception
the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us
selective attention
the filtering process by which we decide what to pay attention to
confirmation bias
the processing of screening out information that is contrary to our values and assumptions, and to more readily accept confirming information
categorical thinking
organizing people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our long-term memory.
mental models
knowledge structures that we develop to describe, explain, and predict the world around us.
stereotyping
the process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in a social category.
stereotype threat
an individual’s concern about confirming a negative stereotype about his or her group
attribution process
the perceptual process of deciding whether an observed behavior or event is caused largely by internal or external factors
self-serving bias
take credit for the good and blame for the bad
fundamental attribution error
see the person instead of the situation as the main cause of the error.
halo effect
general perception of a person (often based on one trait) colors our view of all aspects of them.
false-consensus effect
overestimate the extent to which others share our views
primacy effect
the first info we receive about someone shapes our opinion
recency effect
most recent info dominates our perceptions
johari window
A model of mutual understanding that encourages disclosure and feedback to increase our own open area and reduce the blind, hidden, and unknown areas.
