Ch 3 review exercises Flashcards by Vickey Mathis

A common name for the tarsus is the …?

hock

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The _____ joints are the freely movable joints of the body?

synovial

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The correct order of the vertebral segments is ..?

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

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The digits contain bones that are called …?

phalanges

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Components of the axial skeleton include..?

skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

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Another term for growth plate is…?

physis

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Bones of the front limb include…?

humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpal, and phalanges

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Rectus means?

straight

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Muscles may be classified as..?

voluntary, involuntary, cardiac

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A term for when a muscle becomes shorter and thicker is …?

contraction

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Levator muscles ____ a body part.

raise

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A fibrous band of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone is …?

tendon

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Looseness is called…?

laxity

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Protrusion of a body part through tissues that normally contain it is called a…?

hernia

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Surgical removal of a muscle or part of a muscle is called…?

myectomy

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Abnormal condition or disease of muscle is called..?

myopathy

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Which term describes a shaft of a long bone?

diaphysis

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The tarsal bones are found in the…?

hock

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The manubrium is the…?

cranial portion of the sternum

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Which term describes the freely movable joints of the body?

diarthroses

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The opening in a bone through which blood vessels nerves, and ligaments pass is a…?

foramen

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The acetabulum is commonly called the…?

hip socket

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Muscles located above the pelvic axis are called?

epaxial muscles

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Muscles under voluntary control are know as …?

skeletal

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Minimus is to maximus as...?

minor is to major

A muscle that bends a limb at its joint or decreases the joint angle is called...?

flexor

A ______ is a curved fibrous cartilage found in some synovial joints.

meniscus

Connections between two bones are called _____ or _______.

joints or articulations

The caudal portion of the sternum is called the _______ _______

xyphoid process

An _______ is removal of all or part of a limb or body part

amputation

A _______ is a piece of dead bone that is partially or fully detached from the surrounding healthy bone.

sequestrum

Inward curvature of a bone is called ...?

kyphosis

Visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using a fiberoptic instruments is ______

arthroscopy

______is loss of mobility of a joint.

Ankylosis

______ is abnormal softening of cartilage.

Chondromalacia

A muscle that straightens a limb at a joint is called ?

extensors

An _____ is a band of fibers that holds structures together in an abnormal fashion.

adhesion

Dogs with short, wide skulls are said to be

Brachycephalic

Involuntary muscles is also called

smooth and cardiac muscle

Surgical removal of a claw is

onychectomy

A ______ is a broken bone in which there is an open wound in the skin.

compound fracture or open fracture

The ______ _______ is the fibrous band of connective tissue onthe ventral abdominal wall that is the median attachment of the abdominal muscles.

linea alba

A __________ is the place where muscle ends that is more movable end or portion away from the midline.

muscle insertion

Inflammation of an tendon is called ________.

bursitis

The opposite of extension is ________.

flexion

The opposite of contraction is ______.

relaxation

projection

process

sharp projections

spine

low projection or ridge

line

space or cavity

sinus

projecting part

tuberosity

rounded projection (that articulates with another bone)

condyle

passage or opening

meatus

tunnel

canal

seam

suture

toothlike structure

dens

smooth area

facet

trench or hollow depressed

fossa

small pit

fovea

surface projection

eminence

rounded projection (distal end of tibia and fibula)

malleolus

projecting part

protuberance

opening

aperture

branch or smaller structure given off by a larger structure

ramus

high projection or border projection

crest

broad, flat projetion (on femur)

trochanter

groove

sulcus

thin, flat plate

lamina

major prutrusion

head

defective

dystrophy

place where muscles begin

origin

narrow, long skull

Dolichocephalic

surgical incision into a muscle

myotomy

inflammation of voluntary muscles

myositis

lack of muscle control

atonic

circular movement around an axis

rotation

small bone embedded in tendon

sesamoid

four-footed animal

dog

study of bone

osteology

upper bone of jaw

maxilla

lower bone of jaw

mandible

animal with hooves

ungulate

caudal part of sternum

xyphoid process

things that work opposite each other

antagonist

A muscle that lowers or depresses a part is called a ...?

depressor

the opposite of inferior is

superior

The term for crosswise is

transverse

The term for slanted is

oblique

The crackling sensation that is felt and heard when broken bones move together is called

crepitation

Broken bones that are splintered or crushed into multiple pieces are called ______

comminuted

Abnormal development of the pelvic joint causing the head of the femur and the acetabulum not to be aligned properly is called _____

Hip dysplasia

T or F Arthrodesis is fusion of a join or the spinal vertebrae by surgical means

True

T or F A craniotomy is a surgical incision into a joint

False

T or F An osteotomy is the surgical removal of bone

True

T or F Ataxia is lack of voluntary control of muscle movement

True

T or F An adhesion is a band of fibers that holds strutures together in an abnormal fashion.

True

long pastern

short pastern

coffin bone

tarsus

hock

splint bone

metacarpal/metatarsal II and IV in equine

fetlock joint

metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal joint of equine and ruminants

pastern joint

connection between phalanx I and II equine and ruminants

coffin joint

distal interphalangeal joint of phalanx II and III in equine and ruminants

knee

carpus in large animals

stifle

synovial joint located between the femur and tibia

clavicle

collarbone

cannon bone

metacarpal/metatarsal III in equine and metacarpal/metatarsal III and IV in ruminants

dewclaw

variable digit depending on species; digit I in dogs, digits II and V in ruminants

sternum

breastbone

humerus

proximal front limb

fibula

distal hind limb

tibia

distal hind limb

ulna

distal front limb

femur

proximal hind limb

tarsus

joint in hind limb

radius

distal front limb

carpus

joint in front limb

metacarpal

joint in front limb

metatarsal

joint in hind limb

phalanx

distal part of front and hind limb

_____ and _____ are terms used for displacement of a bone from its joint.

subluxation and partial dislocation

______ the tough, fiborous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone.

periosteum