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Medical Terminology- vic > ch 3 Structures of the skeletal system > Flashcards

ch 3 Structures of the skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the connective tissues associated with the skeletal system?

A

bone, tendons, ligaments, joints, and cartilage

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2
Q

Bone starts as cartilage and fiborous membranes that harden before birth. What is this process called?

A

ossification

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3
Q

What does the combining forms oste/o, oss/e, oss/i mean?

A

bone

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4
Q

What is cortical bone?

A

hard, dense, strong bone, forms the outer layer of an individual bone

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5
Q

What does cortex mean?

A

bark or shell in Latin

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6
Q

What is the other name for cortical bone?

A

compact bone

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7
Q

What is cancellous bone?

A

lighter, less strong bone, found in the ends and inner portions of long bones

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8
Q

What is another name for cancellous bone?

A

spongy bone

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9
Q

What kind of marrow is found in cancellous bone?

A

Red marrow

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10
Q

What does -hemat/o mean?

A

blood

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11
Q

What does -poietic or -poiesis mean?

A

pertaining to formation

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12
Q

Red bone marrow, located in cancellous bone, is ..?

A

hematopoietic

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13
Q

What is hematopoietic?

A

means that red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and clotting cells

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14
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

the inner space within a bone, contains yellow bone marrow (fat cells and storage)

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15
Q

In adults, what does yellow bone marrow replace?

A

red bone marrow

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16
Q

What is yellow bone marrow composed of?

A

mainly fat cells and serves as a fat storage area

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17
Q

Bones are divided into different categories based on what?

A

bone types, bone shapes and bone functions

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18
Q

Define epiphysis?

A

it is a wide end of a long bone, which is covered with articular cartilage and is composed of cancellous bone

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19
Q

Epi- means?

A

above

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20
Q

-physis means?

A

growth

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21
Q

physis is also called the…?

A

growth plate

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22
Q

Dia- means?

A

between

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23
Q

Define diaphysis?

A

a shaft of a long bone that is composed mainly of compact bone

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24
Q

Peri- means?

A

surrounding

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25
-um means?
structure
26
Perisosteum means?
tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone
27
Endo- means?
within or inner
28
Define endosteum means?
tough, fiborous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity
29
What are short bones?
cube-shaped bones with no marrow cavity (i.e., skull bones - frontal bone)
30
What are long bones?
bones consisting of shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity (i.e., femur, humerus, tibia, radius)
31
What are flat bones?
thin, flat bones (i.e., pelvis)
32
What are pneumatic bones?
sinus-containing bones (i.e., frontal bone, hollow bones - air-holed bones)
33
What are irregular bones?
sinus-containing bones (i.e., vertebrae), things not paired
34
What are sesamoid bones?
small bones embedded in a tendon (i.e., patella) (the only exception is the distal sesamoid of the horse)
35
Bone growth is balanced between the actions of _____ and ______.
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
36
oste/o =
bone
37
-blasts =
immature
38
Osteoblasts are ______ bone cells that produce bony tissue.
immature
39
Osteocytes are _____ cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of bone.
phagocytic
40
-clast means?
to break
41
What is cartilage and what does it do?
it is more elastic than bone and it protects the ends of bones where they contact each other
42
What does the combining form Chondr/o mean?
cartilage
43
Define articular cartilage?
a type of cartilage that covers the joint surfaces of bone
44
Define meniscus?
a curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints - provides additional cushioning
45
What are joints or articulations and what do they do?
they are connections between bones | they aid in movement of the body
46
What is another word for joint?
articulations
47
The combining form arthr/o means?
joint
48
What does articulate mean?
means to join in a way that allows motion between the parts
49
What are the different types of joints and they are classified based on.?
Synarthoses, amphiarthroses, and diarthoses based on their degree of movement
50
Define synarthroses?
allow no movement (i.e., suture)
51
Define amphiarthroses?
allow slight movement (i.e., pelvis in ladies)
52
Define diarthroses?
allow free movement (i.e., synovial joints)
53
Define suture?
a jagged line where bones join and form a nonmovable joint - typically found in the skull
54
An example of an amphiarthrosis is?
symphysis
55
Define symphysis?
a joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so they function as one bone (i.e., halves of mandible, halves of pelvis)
56
What is another term for symphysis?
cartilaginous joint
57
Synovial joints are further classified as..?
ball-and-socket joints
58
What are ball-and-sockets also called?
enarthrosis or spheroid joints
59
An example of Diathroses: Synovial joints are..?
any joint that have synovial fluid
60
An example of Diathroses: anthrodial/condyloid joint - where is it located?
in the wrist - carpals (where the radius meets the carpus) and tarsus
61
An example of Diathroses: trochoid or pivot joint - where is it located?
pully-shaped joints in your head - between atlas and axis
62
An example of Diathroses: hinge joint - where is it located?
jaw (up and down, open and close)
63
An example of Diathroses: gliding joint - where is it located?
vertebrae - slide (move or glide over each other
64
An example of Diathroses: saddle joint (found in primates) - where is it located?
thumb (flex, extend, abduct, adduct, and circumduct the thumb)
65
What kind of motion does the ball-and-socket allow?
a wide range of motion in many directions, such as the hip and shoulder joints
66
Define ligaments
bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bone to bone
67
The combining form ligament/o means..?
ligament
68
Define tendon
bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone
69
The combining form ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o means..?
tendon
70
Joints are classified based on...?
Their degree of movement
71
Define Diarthroses
Allow free movement
72
What are some examples of diarthoses?
synovial, ball and socket, Arthrodial/condyloid, trochoid, hinge, gliding, saddle

Medical Terminology- vic (17 decks)

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