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Medical Terminology- vic > Ch 3 the skeleton > Flashcards

Ch 3 the skeleton Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

The skeleton is divided into two parts, what are they?

A

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

Define axial skeleton

A

is the framework of the body that includes the skull, (sometimes) hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

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3
Q

Define the appendicular skeleton

A

the framework of the body that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle, includes the bones of the front and hind limbs

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4
Q

Appen- means to …?

A

add or hang - think of the appendages or extremities as structures that hang from the axial skeleton

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5
Q

What does the axial skeleton protect?

A

the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems

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6
Q

in the skull in the cranium, define cranium

A

the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

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7
Q

What does the combining form crani/o mean?

A

skull

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8
Q

Define incisive bones

A

forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of nares

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9
Q

What are air or fluid-filled spaces called in the skull?

A

sinuses

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10
Q

What forms the skull?

A

many individual bones - not just one bone

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11
Q

What are some skull shapes in dogs?

A

Brachycephalic, Dolichocephalic, Mesocephalic or Mesaticephalic

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12
Q

Define Brachycelphalic and give an example of what dog would have this shape of skull?

A

short, wide heads - pug, pekingese, bulldog

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13
Q

Define Dolichocephalic and give an example of what dog would have this shape of skull?

A

narrow, long heads - collies and greyhounds

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14
Q

Define Mesocephalic and give an example of what dog would have this shape of skull?

A

have average width to their heads - Labrador retrievers

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15
Q

Which breed and what shape of skull are a concern when doing anesthesia?

A

Pug, Pekingese, and Bulldogs - have a smash looking face and its hard to keep the mask on face

Shape is Brachycephalic

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16
Q

Define vertebral column?

A

supports the head and body and provides protection for the spinal cord

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17
Q

What is the vertebral column also called?

A

the spinal column and backbone

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18
Q

The vertebral column is comprised of …?

A

individual bones called vertebra

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19
Q

What is the plural form of vertebra?

A

vertebrae

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20
Q

What does the combining form spondyl/o mean?

A

disease

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21
Q

What does the combining form vertebr/o mean?

A

vertebra

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22
Q

Define vertebral formulae

A

a shorthand for showing how many vertebrae an animal has of each type/section

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23
Q

What is the vertebral formulae for dogs and cats?

A

C=7, T = 13, L= 7, S=3, Cy = 6-23

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24
Q

What is the vertebral formulae for horses?

A

C = 7, T = 18, L = 5 - 6, S = 5, Cy = 15 - 21

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25
What are the parts of a vertebra?
Body, arch, lamina, vertebral foramen, processes, and intervertebral discs
26
A part of the vertebrae is the body, define it
it is the solid portion ventral to the spinal cord
27
A part of the vertebrae is the arch, define it
the dorsal part of the vertebra that surrounds the spinal cord
28
Name the parts of the vertebral body
1. spinous process 2. lamina 3. foramen 4. transverse process 5. vertebral foramen 6. lamina 7. arch - shaded area
29
A part of the vertebrae is the lamina, define it
it is the left or right dorsal half of the arch
30
What does process mean and what do they do?
process means projection - they project from the vertebrae
31
32
A part of the vertebrae is the spinous process, define it
it is a single projection from the dorsal part of the vertebral arch
33
A part of the vertebrae is the transverse process, define it
they project laterally from the right and left sides ofthe vertebral arch
34
# Define articular processes
are paired cranial and caudal projections located on the dorsum of the vertebral arch
35
A part of the vertebrae is the foramen, define it
means opening
36
A part of the vertebrae is the vertebral foramen, define it
the opening in the middle of the vertebra through which the spinal cord passes
37
The vertebrae are separated and cushioned from each other by cartilage discs called...?
intervertebral discs
38
Other axial skeleton parts are ribs and sternum - define ribs
paired bones that attach to the thoracic vertebrae
39
Other axial skeleton parts are ribs and sternum - define sternum
or breastbone, forms the midline vertral portion of the rib cage
40
Define manubrium
the cranial portion of the sternum
41
Define the body of the sternum
the middle portion
42
Define xyphoid process
the caudal portion of the sternum
43
What makes up the thoracic cavity?
the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae
44
The thoracic cavity or rib cage does what?
protects the heart and lungs
45
The appendicular skeleton is composed of ...?
the bones of the limbs
46
The bones of the front limb from proximal to distal consist of ..?
scapula, clavical, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones (cannon bone in livestock) and phalanges
47
What bone is a large trangular bone onthe side of the thorax?
the scapula or shoulder blade
48
What bone is a slender bone that connects the sternum to the scapula?
clavical or collar bone
49
Some animals species have only a ______ or rudimentary, clavical.
vestigial
50
Other animal species do not have a clavical. What are some of those species?
swine, ruminants, and equine
51
What bone is the long bone of the proximal front limb?
humerus
52
The humerus is sometimes called the ...?
brachium
53
What are the two bones of the forearm or distal front limb?
radius and ulna
54
The region that the radius and ulna are in is called the ...?
antebrachium
55
Ante- means?
before`
56
What is the bone that is cranial bone of the front limb?
radius
57
What bone is the caudal bone of the front limb?
ulna
58
The ulna has a proximal projection called the ...?
olecranon
59
True or False Some species have a fused radius and ulna.
True
60
What bones are irregularly shaped in the area known as the wrist in people? What are these bones called in small animals and the joint in large animals?
carpal bones carpus - small animals knee - large animals
61
What are the bones found distal to the carpus?
metacarpals
62
Meta means?
beyond
63
The metacarpals are identified by numbers from _____ to \_\_\_\_\_\_.
medial to lateral
64
What is digit one in dogs and cats?
dewclaw
65
What digit does equine species have?
Digit 3
66
What digits do the species with cloven or split hooves have with 2 and 5 as dewclaws?
3 and 5
67
What plalanges in the horse do not articulate with the metacarpals or metatarsals?
2 and 4
68
Metatarsals and metacarpals 2 and 5 are commonly called?
splint bones
69
Splint bones attached by _______ ligament to the large third metacarpal or metatarsal (cannon bone).
interosseous ligament
70
What are the bones of the digits called?
the phalanges
71
Phalanges are numbered from _____ to \_\_\_\_\_\_.
proximal to distal
72
What is the long pastern bone in livestock called?
phalanx 1 = P1
73
What is the short pastern bone in livestock called?
phalanx = P2
74
What is called the nail or claw in small animals and called the coffin bone in livestock?
phalanx 3 = P3
75
The combining form onych/o means?
nail
76
One digit is called the ...?
phalanx
77
Most digits have ___ phallanges, but the most medial phalanx (digit 1) has only ____ plahlanges
3 and 2
78
The joint between metacarpal (metatarsal) 3 and the digit is the ..?
fetlock joint
79
The bones of the rear limb include the ...?
pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals (cannon bone in livestock), and phalanges
80
What bone consist of 3 pairs of bones, ilium, ischium, and pubis
the pelvis or hip
81
What bones of the pelvis is the largest pair and blade-shaped?
ilium
82
What bones of the pelvis is the caudal pair of bones?
ischium
83
What bones of the pelvis is the ventral pair of bones that are fused on midline by a cartilaginous joint (pubic symphysis)
pubis
84
What is the large socket of the pelvic bone that forms when the three bones meet?
the acetabulum
85
The acetabulum forms the _____ and _____ with the femur.
ball and socket
86
What is the proximal long bone of the rear leg?
femur or thigh bone
87
What is a large sesamoid bone in the rear limb?
patella
88
What is the joint that houses the patella?
stifle
89
What is the bone of the distal long bones that is the larges and more weight-bearing bone of the two?
tibia
90
What is the long, slender bone in the distal long bones?
fibula
91
What are the irregularly shaped bones found in the area known as the ankle in people and what is this same bone in large animals? What is it called in small animals?
tarsal bones, hock, tarsus
92
93
What is the long, lateral tarsal bone located in the proximal row of tarsal bones?
calcaneous

Medical Terminology- vic (17 decks)

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