ch. 5

Question 1

when you run finger along the bottom of foot and toes span out, disapperance around 8 - 12 months, unknown purpose

Answer 1

babinski

Question 2

when the head dips below body while horrizontal –> embracing motion, disappearance around 6 months, purpose infant clings to its mother during fear, reaching for a source of comfort

Answer 2

moro reflex

Question 3

turn the baby’s head to one side while the infant is laying awake on their back –> fencing position, disappears around 4 months, purpose is to prepare infant for voluntary reaching

Answer 3

tonic neck

Question 4

grow spinal cord out to fingers

Answer 4

proximodistal trend

Question 5

head-to-toe-growth

Answer 5

cephalocaudal trend

Question 6

height and weight are not directly proportioned to each other, sudden percentile ranking change, low extremes

Answer 6

signs of early growth issues

Question 7

genotype and environmental impacts affect the trait, examples are height and weight

Answer 7

multifactorial traits

Question 8

what percentage of body weight is lost within the first 3 days after birth

Answer 8

7-10%

Question 9

weight an ounce a day, double in 4 months, triples in a year, height 10 inches a year

Answer 9

growth norms

Question 10

first breast milk, nutritional dense, high in antibodies –> builds the immune system

Answer 10

colostrum

Question 11

breast knows and responds to what they baby needs, provides antibodies in response to the infant’s needs, an infants digestive system can break it down, aids in proper development

Answer 11

why breastfeeding is good

Question 12

a sudden death usually sleep of a healthy baby, low oxygen levels and high carbon dioxide levels may be the top cause, sudden infant death syndrome

Answer 12

SIDS

Question 13

do whatever they can to protect the brain at all costs before anything else, based in nature, malnourishment

Answer 13

head sparing

Question 14

how many neurons do we have at birth

Answer 14

86 billion

Question 15

transmits electrical impulses –> to dendrites of other celss

Answer 15

axon

Question 16

receive messages from axons of other cells

Answer 16

dendrites

Question 17

chemical messengers

Answer 17

neurotransmitters

Question 18

gap between the dendrites of the cells

Answer 18

synaptic cleft

Question 19

control center of the cell –> sends messages

Answer 19

nucleus

Question 20

different lobes in the brain

Answer 20

occipital, temporal, parietal, frontal

Question 21

sensory and spatial understanding

Answer 21

parietal lobe

Question 22

collection of brain areas, emotions and memory

Answer 22

limbic system

Question 23

registers strong emotion

Answer 23

amygdala

Question 24

processor of memory

Answer 24

hippocampus

Question 25

produces cortisol, increase stress

Answer 25

hypothalamus

Question 26

responds to the hypothalamus and sends hormones to the rest of the body

Answer 26

pituitary

Question 27

the abundance of synaptic connections formed before the age of two

Answer 27

synaptic exuberance

Question 28

pruning of unecessary or unused brain connections are atrophied and removed, begins at 2

Answer 28

synaptic pruning

Question 29

failure of normal synaptic pruning, never prune left with a field of synapses that are long and it causes cognitive slowness

Answer 29

fragile -x syndrome

Question 30

ordinary experiences lead to brain growth

Answer 30

experience expectant

Question 31

based on our personal experiences - unique to us

Answer 31

experience - dependent

Question 32

extreme adversity without a buffer alters the way the brain develops

Answer 32

toxic stress

Question 33

first sense to develop

Answer 33

touch

Question 34

last sense to develop

Answer 34

vision

Question 35

can begin a newborn, the more the better

Answer 35

tummy time

Question 36

large motor skills

Answer 36

gross

Question 37

small motor skills

Answer 37

fine

Question 38

5 to 11 months, 8m average

Answer 38

crawls

Question 39

9 to 16 months, 11m average

Answer 39

stands not holding

Question 40

5 to 9 months, 7m average

Answer 40

sitting without support

Question 41

9 to 17 months, 11m and 3 w average

Answer 41

walks

Question 42

reflective grasp

Answer 42

palmer

Question 43

palm and finger grasp

Answer 43

ulnar grasp

Question 44

thumb and index finger grasp

Answer 44

pincer grasp

Question 45

2 to 7 months, 3m and 3 week

Answer 45

grasp rattle

Question 46

10 to 19months, 11m 3w average

Answer 46

stacks two blocks

Question 47

CNS, body movement capacity, environmental support, child's motivation

Answer 47

Dynamic Systems Theory of Motor Development

Question 48

affects motor development, diagnosis 1-2 years, caused by low oxygen at birth, preterm, genetic predisposition, doesn't have the body movement capacity for motor movement - cause goes back to CNS

Answer 48

cerebral palsy

Question 49

muscular disease, decrease muscle tone, muscle weakness, atrophy of the muscle, delayed milestones, caused by genetics

Answer 49

muscular dystrophy

Question 50

cultural influence on handedness, hand preference, at least 40 genes influence it, environmental link - twin studies

Answer 50

handedness

Question 51

toddlers weight

Answer 51

7 - 10 lbs a year

Question 52

toddlers height

Answer 52

4-5 inches per year

Question 53

state provided service, evaluation of development delays

Answer 53

early intervention

Question 54

used to evaluate delays and early intervention

Answer 54

Battelle Developmental Inventory

Question 55

25% delay in two areas, 40% in one area, pre-know developmental condition, down syndrome, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy

Answer 55

qualifications for early intervention