Ch 5 PP Terms

Question 1

skeleton

Answer 1

forms the body’s framework, protects organs, and works with muscles to produce movement at joints; 206 BONES

Question 2

joint

Answer 2

the junction between two bones; articulation

Question 3

axial skeleton

Answer 3

central core of body’s framework; skull, spinal column, and thorax

Question 4

skull

Answer 4

part of axial skeleton; 8 cranial bones, 14 facial bones; all immovable except TMJ

Question 5

spinal column

Answer 5

part of axial skeleton; 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 fused sacrum bones, 4-5 fuxed coccyx bones

Question 6

thorax

Answer 6

part of axial skeleton; 12 pairs of ribs joined by cartilage over the anterior wall

Question 7

appendicular skeleton

Answer 7

attached/appended to the axial skeleton; shoulder, clavicle, arms, pelvis, legs

Question 8

upper appendicular skeleton

Answer 8

shoulder girdle, clavicle, scapula, upper extremities

Question 9

lower appendicular skeleton

Answer 9

pelvis, lower extremities

Question 10

cartilage

Answer 10

a type of dense connective tissue that is found in the skeleton, larynx, trachea, and bronchi; precursor to most bone tissue

Question 11

ossification

Answer 11

the formation of bone tissue

Question 12

types of bone cells

Answer 12

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

Question 13

resorption

Answer 13

process of destroying bone for absorption into circulation; always happening in balance with bone formation

Question 14

articulations

Answer 14

joints; classified by the amount of movement they allow

Question 15

types of joints

Answer 15

classified by amount of movement allowed; suture, symphysis, synovial/diarthrosis

Question 16

suture

Answer 16

an immovable joint; held together by fibrous connective tissue; skull

Question 17

symphysis

Answer 17

slightly moveable joint; connected by fibrous cartilage; vertebral joints

Question 18

synovial joint/diarthrosis

Answer 18

freely moveable joint; knee

Question 19

synovial fluid

Answer 19

lives in joint cavity; cushions and lubricates synovial joints; made by synovial membrane

Question 20

ligaments

Answer 20

connect articulating bones; stabilize synovial joints

Question 21

tendons

Answer 21

attach muscles to bone to produce movement

Question 22

acetabulum

Answer 22

bony socket in the hip bone that holds the head of femur

Question 23

bone marrow

Answer 23

soft material that fills the cavities of bones; yellow marrow fills central cavity of long bones; RBCs formed here

Question 24

bursa

Answer 24

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint

Question 25

ilium

Answer 25

the large, flared, superior portion of the pelvic bone

Question 26

osteoblast

Answer 26

a cell that produces bone tissue

Question 27

osteoclast

Answer 27

a cell that destroys bone tissue; release minerals needed to allow for reshaping and repair

Question 28

osteocyte

Answer 28

a mature bone cell that nourishes and maintains bone tissue

Question 29

pelvis

Answer 29

large ring of bone at the inferior trunk; formed of two hip bones joined to the sacrum and coccyx

Question 30

periosteum

Answer 30

the fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone

Question 31

orthopedics

Answer 31

medical specialty that focuses on diseases of skeletal and muscular system

Question 32

orthopedic diagnostics

Answer 32

radioactive bone scans, CTs, and MRIs

Question 33

osteomyelitis

Answer 33

inflammation of bone caused by pus-forming bacteria that enters through a wound or blood

Question 34

fractures

Answer 34

closed/simple (no broken skin); open (skin wound)

Question 35

fracture reduction

Answer 35

closed reduction (no surgery required); open reductions (surgery required)

Question 36

traction

Answer 36

using pulley and weights to maintain bone alignment as a form of fracture therapy

Question 37

osteoporosis

Answer 37

loss of bone mass resulting in bone weakening; most susceptible are women over 50

Question 38

arthritis

Answer 38

joint inflammation for various reasons

Question 39

osteoarthritis

Answer 39

most common form of arthritis; cartilage that cushions bones starts to break down; bone thickens, joint cavity narrows