ch 9

Question 1

population

Answer 1

group of individuals of single app in specific area

Question 2

characterize population

Answer 2

number of individuals and density

Question 3

distribution limit

Answer 3

physical environment limits geographic distribution of spp.

Question 4

distribution limit can be

Answer 4

geographic range or home range

Question 5

geographic range

Answer 5

geographic area where you find spp.

Question 6

home range

Answer 6

where individuals organism spends its time

Question 7

case study: kangaroo distribution relate to climate

hypothesis

Answer 7

climate and distribution of 3 largest kangaroos in Australia

Question 8

case study: kangaroo distribution relate to climate

result

Answer 8

limited overlap of 3 kangaroos.

limited distribution may be indirectly determined by climate.

Question 9

limited distribution do to climate affects

Answer 9

food production.
water supply.
habitat.
parasites, pathogens, and competitors.

Question 10

case study: tiger beetle of cold climates

hypothesis

Answer 10

prefer low temps (boreal or temporal forest).
compared physiological characteristics of populations
measured water loss
metabolic rate
body temp preferences

Question 11

case study: tiger beetle of cold climates

results

Answer 11

same preferred temp all through locations.
no different physiological measurements btwn population.
high metabolic rates.
low preferred temp
support generalization physical environments limit species distribution .

Question 12

case study: plant distributor along moisture -temp gradients
hypothesis

Answer 12

Encilia spp distribution corresponds with variation in temp and precipitation
California - costal with least pubescent
actoni - inland with less pubescent
other - further inland, hotter, overlap

Question 13

case study: plant distributor along moisture -temp gradients
result

Answer 13

E. frutescens pubescents < E. farinosa even at same temp.

E. frutescens: evaporatively cool and lie in deep soil

Question 14

spp in intertidal zone

Answer 14

exposed to wide variation in temp, light intensity, wave acton, etc.

Question 15

case study: distribution of barnacle along intertidal exposure gradient **
hypothesis

Answer 15

see if zonation off muscle spp leads to drying
chthalamus stellatus usually lives on the upper level
balanus balanodes usually on mid-low level

Question 16

case study: distribution of barnacle along intertidal exposure gradient **
result

Answer 16

balanus are vulnerable to dessication and excluded from upper level
chthalamus cannot be in lower level due to high competition

Question 17

random distribution

Answer 17

equal chance of being anywhere.

uniform resource distribution

Question 18

regular distribution

Answer 18

uniformly spaced .
territoriality
avoid one another

Question 19

territoriality

Answer 19

exclusive use of the area

Question 20

clumped distribution

Answer 20

unequal chance o being anywhere,
mutual attraction btwn individualizing.
patchy resource distribution

Question 21

case study: bees

prediction

Answer 21

aggressive will be regularly distributed
non aggressive will be random or clumped.
nest trees will be randomly distributed and abundant and not limited in colonies

Question 22

case study: bees

result

Answer 22

supported hypothesis

Question 23

case study: desert shrubs

hypothesis

Answer 23

competition lead to regular distribution

Question 24

case study: desert shrubs

result

Answer 24

young shrubs were clumped.
as clumps grow shrubs die reducing clumping and lead to regular distribution
competition influenced distribution in roots; few overlapping

Question 25

small scale distribution

Answer 25

few 100 m | little environmental change

Question 26

large scale

Answer 26

substantial environmental change | like entire continent or mountain slope

Question 27

Christmas bird count

Answer 27

continental scale of clumped and widespread distribution of bird population

Question 28

case study: bird population in NA by Root | prediction

Answer 28

looked at 346 spp of birds that showed showed clumped distribution at a continental scale

Question 29

case study: bird population in NA by Root | observations

Answer 29

abundance and distribution of crows are limited to hot spots

Question 30

hot spots

Answer 30

areas of high density

Question 31

case study: bird population in NA by brown

Answer 31

looked at distribution during breeding season | saw small proportion of sites had most records for each spp. in breeding bird survey

Question 32

case study plant availability and moisture gradient in Arizona observation

Answer 32

moist canyon bottoms and dry SW facing slopes | tree spp were clumped along gradients

Question 33

case study plant availability and moisture gradient in Arizona result

Answer 33

densities decrease toward edge of distribution

Question 34

case study plant availability and moisture gradient in NE U.S.

Answer 34

clumped distribution because they aggregate where conditions are favorable