quiz 3 ch 8

Question 1

types of social relations

Answer 1

mate choice
sociality
eusociality

Question 2

behavioral ecology

Answer 2

study of ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior

Question 3

fitness

Answer 3

reproductive contribution to next generation

ex: being in a herd is safer, but less food

Question 4

selection

Answer 4

favors behaviors that benefit> cost

Question 5

females

Answer 5

produce larger, more energetically costly gametes.

reproduction limited by resource access

Question 6

males

Answer 6

produce smaller, less energetically costly gamete.

reproduction limited by rate access

Question 7

hermaphrodites

Answer 7

M and F function.

simultaneous or sequential reproduction.

Question 8

conditions favoring hermaphrodites

Answer 8

low mobility in large environments.
low overlap in resource demands
share cost of M and F function

Question 9

sexual selection

Answer 9

difference in reproductive rates among individuals resulting in mating success differences

Question 10

higher fitness

Answer 10

variation in sexual selection drives evolution

Question 11

types of sexual selection

Answer 11

intersexual

intrasexual

Question 12

intersexual selection

Answer 12

member of one sex chooses mate based on particular trait

Question 13

intrasexual

Answer 13

individuals of same sex compete with each other for mates

Question 14

Guppies mate choice and sexual selection

Answer 14

intersexual selection: F prefer brightly colored and fit to survive M

Question 15

Kodric -brown

Answer 15

reproductive success due to Attractiveness and dominance.

Question 16

Endler guppies hypothesis

Answer 16

natural selection study to test color pattern in guppies depending on predation

Question 17

Endler guppies

result

Answer 17

if predate was removed then avg # of spots increased and were brighter

Question 18

male scorpion flies

Answer 18

compete for who can possess more dead arthropods.
whoever wins secretes pheromones to attract female.
losers secret saliva mass and pheromone, sometimes force copulation

Question 19

female scorpion flies choose males by

Answer 19

whoever presents more arthropods and are larger

Question 20

nonrandom mating among wild radishes

hypothesis

Answer 20

is mating a random process

do all mates have equal probability of producing offspring

Question 21

sociality

Answer 21

group living and cooperation

Question 22

sociality usually involves

Answer 22

cooperative feeding.
defense of social group.
restricted reproductive opportunities.

Question 23

inclusive fitness

Answer 23

sum of direct and indirect reproductive gains

invest resources like time and energy ratio.

Question 24

cooperative breeders

Answer 24

species in groups often cooperate in rearing offspring

Question 25

benefit to helpers

Answer 25

inherit territory practice raising young inclusive fitness

Question 26

inclusive fitness (Hamilton's Kin Selection)

Answer 26

type of selection which individuals increase their own inclusive fitness by increasing survival and reproduce relatives that are not their own offspring

Question 27

RgB-C>0

Answer 27

``` genetic relatedness(benefit to recipient) - cost find inclusive fitness ```

Question 28

green woodhoopoes sociality

Answer 28

use tree cavities for shelter and raising young. | defend territory by flocks of 2-16

Question 29

green woodhoopoes | cooperative breeding

Answer 29

one pair breed creating strong philopatry of cavity | young bird share 50% of genes with siblings and have a chance of inheriting a cavity

Question 30

philopatry

Answer 30

stay close to natal territory

Question 31

female lions

Answer 31

always related

Question 32

male lions

Answer 32

cooperate in territory defense. not always relatives form coalition

Question 33

Lions sociality

Answer 33

probability of siring depends on rank more reproductive success in groups 3-4 larger coalitions = relative

Question 34

eusociality characteristics

Answer 34

individuals of more than one generation live together. cooperate to care of young. individuals divided into non- reproductive and reproductive castes

Question 35

castes

Answer 35

groups of physically distinct individuals with specialized behavior in a colony

Question 36

kin selection

Answer 36

individual increase inclusive fitness by helping increase survival and reproduction of relatives (not offspring)

Question 37

eusociality of ants

Answer 37

``` queen = reproduces daughters = workers and soldiers/guards sons = drones ```

Question 38

naked mole rat

Answer 38

singe reproductive queen. several reproductive males. males and females are non - reproductive working.

Question 39

honeybees

Answer 39

haplodiploidy males = haploid (one sperm) sisters= 1/2 DNA from mother and father

Question 40

honeybees sisters develop from

Answer 40

fertilized egg.

Question 41

honeybees brother develop from

Answer 41

unfertilized egg