quiz 2 ch 5

Question 1

macroclimate

Answer 1

large scale weather variation

Question 2

microclimate

Answer 2

small scale weather variation measured over short time period

Question 3

types of microclimates

Answer 3

altitude = elevation.
aspect = position on compass.
vegetation = shading.
ground color = dark color absorb more visible light.
boulders/burrows = shaded cooler environments.

Question 4

aquatic temperature affected by

Answer 4

specific heat capacity. 
latent heat of vaporization. 
latent heat of fusion.
oceans enormous volume cause constant temp. 
smaller reservoir change temp faster.

Question 5

specific heat capacity of water

Answer 5

extremely high compared to other substance

Question 6

latent heat of vaporization

Answer 6

energy needed to turn liquid water into vapor. don’t need to evaporate much water to cool a lot of matter

Question 7

latent heat of fusion

Answer 7

energy to freeze liquid water

Question 8

ocean temp due to volume

Answer 8

enormous volume cause constant temp

Question 9

case study: optimal photosynthetic temp

hypothesis

Answer 9

see if boreal moss & desert shrub clones acclimated into cool or hot environments

Question 10

case study: optimal photosynthetic temp

result

Answer 10

shrubs acclimated into both environments

Question 11

psychrophilic microbes

Answer 11

cold loving; usually found in Antarctica

Question 12

thermophilic microbes

Answer 12

hot loving bacteria

ex: Taq

Question 13

natural body temperature regulators

Answer 13

poikilotherms

homeotherms

Question 14

poikilotherms

Answer 14

organism that cannot regulate their body temp; done by behaviors like burrowing or basking

Question 15

homeotherms

Answer 15

constant body temp regardless of environmental temp

Question 16

mechanisms to regulate body temp

Answer 16

ectotherm

endotherms

Question 17

ectotherms

Answer 17

rely on external energy sources

Question 18

endotherms

Answer 18

rely of metabolic energy

Question 19

temp regulation of desert plants

Answer 19

to reduce heat storage.
heat loss by conduction.
increase convection cooling.
reduce radiative heating

Question 20

temp regulation of arctic and alpine plants

Answer 20

to stay warm.
increase radiative heating.
decrease convective cooling.

Question 21

temp regulation of tropic-alpine plants

Answer 21

stay warm by
rosette plants keep dead leaves to insulate and protect stem from freezing.
thick pubescence increase leaf temp.

Question 22

ectothermic animals

Answer 22

rely on other resources for temp regulation

Question 23

temp regulation of Liolaemus lizards

Answer 23

thrive in cool environments like:
burrows
dark pigments
sun basking

Question 24

temp regulation of grasshoppers

Answer 24

pigmentation varies on amount of radiative heat

Question 25

endothermic animals

Answer 25

rely on metabolism for temp regulation

Question 26

thermal neutral zone

Answer 26

environmental temp range that does not change the metabolic rate of homeothermic animals. varies from animal to animal

Question 27

when temp is outside of thermal neutral zone

Answer 27

animals have heat stress and die of extended exposure

Question 28

thermal neutral zone for tropical spp. v. arctic spp.

Answer 28

tropical spp.- narrow range in temp compared to arctic which have a broad range

Question 29

how do aquatic bird mammals regulate their temp

Answer 29

they're endothermic that are air breathers and insulated

Question 30

temp regulation for large marine fish (mackerel, sharks, and tuna)

Answer 30

swimming muscles keep body temp above surrounding water due to blood vessels and countercurrent heat-exchange

Question 31

*countercurrent heat - exchange

Answer 31

heat transfer btwn fluids flowing in opposite directions moving heat from hot to cold areas

Question 32

temp regulation from endothermic bumblebees

Answer 32

maintain temp btwn 30-37 degrees Celsius regardless of air temp

Question 33

temp regulation from endothermic sphinx moths

Answer 33

thermoregulate by transferring heat from thorax to abdomen

Question 34

temp regulation from family Araceae (elephant ears, skunk cabbage)

Answer 34

metabolic energy

Question 35

how do skunk cabbage generate heat

Answer 35

translocating starch stored in roots to inflorescence so it can be metabolized

Question 36

almost all plants are

Answer 36

poikilothermic ectotherms

Question 37

how to survive extreme temperatures

Answer 37

inactivity and reducing metabolic rates

Question 38

torpor

Answer 38

how hummingbirds reduce metabolic rate when food is scarce and night temp is extreme

Question 39

hibernation

Answer 39

reduce metabolic rate in the winter with extreme cold

Question 40

estivation

Answer 40

protection from high temps and droughts in the summer