Ch.11 Study Guide

Question 1

Emotion- a subjective ________ state that is usually accompanied by distinctive _____________, behaviors, and physiological changes

Answer 1

mental, cognition

Question 2

James-Lange Theory-

(autonomic reaction triggers __________)

Stimulus (Bang!) ——–> ______________/Interpretation (danger) ——–> Specific pattern of autonomic arousal (heart races, etc.) ———> Particular emotion experienced (fear)

Answer 2

feeling, perception

Question 3

Cannon-Bard Theory-

(simultaneous feeling and autonomic reaction

Stimulus (Bang!) ——-> Perception/Interpretation (danger) ——-> General autonomic arousal (heart races, etc.) + Particular ____________ experienced (fear)

Answer 3

emotion

Question 4

Schachter-Singer Theory-

(cognitive attribution of emotion to arousal)

Stimulus (Bang!) ———> Perception/Interpretation (danger) ———> Specific pattern of autonomic arousal (heart races, etc.) ———> ____________ appraisal of current context

Answer 4

cognitive

Question 5

James-Lange Theory
(autonomic reaction triggers feeling)

James and Lange argued that the bodily response evokes the __________________ experience

Answer 5

emotional

Question 6

Cannon-Bard Theory
(simultaneous feeling and autonomic reaction)

Cannon and Bard insisted that the _______ must interpret the situation to decide which emotion is appropriate

Answer 6

brain

Question 7

Schachter-Singer Theory
(cognitive attribution of emotion to arousal)

Schachter and Singer propose that we use context to cognitively attribute _________ emotion to arousal

Answer 7

specific

Question 8

What was Schachter-Singer’s experiment of injecting individuals with epinephrine and what
did it demonstrate about emotions?

Answer 8

Participants were injected with epinephrine and told either that there would be no effect or that their hearts would race.
Participants who were warned of this physiological reaction reported no emotional experience- presumably b/c they attributed the arousal to the injection rather than to an emotion, but some participant who were not forewarned experienced emotions when their bodies responded to the drug. Presumably, the participants who weren’t forewarned misattributed their racing hearts to their current emotional context, rather than to the injection.

Question 9

Sympathetic nervous system- part of the nervous system that generally activates the body for action
“_______-or-flight” system

Answer 9

Fight

Question 10

Parasympathetic nervous system-
part of the nervous system that generally prepares the body to ______ and recuperate

Answer 10

relax

Question 11

Polygraph tests measures bodily responses, such as heart rate and __________ pressure. They are so unreliable since the tests are based on assumption that people have emotional responses when lying because they fear detection and/or feel guilty about lying

Answer 11

blood

Question 12

Fear conditioning reveal the active role of the amygdala in fear by showing that damage(lesion) to this area disrupts the ability to learn and express fear _______________

Answer 12

responses

Question 13

Brain self-stimulation- the process in which animals will work to provide electrical stimulation to particular _______ sites, presumably because the experience is very rewarding

Answer 13

brain

Question 14

What brain structures have been mapped as being involved in brain self-stimulation (where
are they located and where are they connected)? The midbrain through the hypothalamus… Medial _____________ bundle…

Answer 14

forebrain

Question 15

The 3 stages of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome

1. Alarm reaction- Initial response to a stressor
2. _____________ Stage- If stressor resists, it enter this stage where it tries to adapt and cope with the stress.
3. Exhaustion Stage- If the stressor continues and the body cannot adapt, it enters the exhaustion stage. This stage is characterized by depleted resources and can lead to various health problems, including fatigue, depression, and anxiety.

Answer 15

Resistance

Question 16

The release of the neurotransmitter, ____________ will inhibit aggression

Answer 16

Serotonin

Question 17

The brain structure ___________ & _________ __________ is involved in aggression

Answer 17

amygdala and the frontal cortex

Question 18

12. According to Redican, the “play face” in chimps is homologous to what behavior in humans?

Answer 18

Laugh

Question 19

Describe the studies into stress immunization focusing on what would help youngsters feel
better even years later.

Answer 19

A little stress early in life seemed to make the animals more resilient to later stress

Question 20

The eight emotions Paul Ekman et al., propose all humans have and can recognize are:
1. Anger
2. __________
3. Happiness
4. _______
5. Disgust
6. Surprise
7. Contempt
8. Embarrassment

Answer 20

Sadness, Fear

Question 21

The Kluver-Bucy syndrome is a condition, brought about by bilateral amygdala damage, that is characterized by dramatic emotional changes including reduction in ______ and ___________

Answer 21

fear, anxiety

Question 22

Describe the facial feedback hypothesis: suggests that sensory feedback from our facial expressions can affect our mood, consistent with the James-Lange notion that sensations from our body inform us about our ___________

Answer 22

emotions