Chapter 10 Quiz Flashcards
(18 cards)
Sunrise and sunset provide an external cue that animals use to discern the time of day and that affects their sleep/wake cycle. This type of external cue is called a ____________.
zeitgeber
Retinal ganglion cells contain a special photopigment called ___________________ that makes them sensitive to light.
melanopsin
Somnambulism- ___________ walking
sleep
Enuresis- _______-wetting
bed
Sleep paralysis- a state, during the transition to or from sleep, in which the __________ to move or talk is temporarily lost
ability
Sleep apnea- sleep disorder in which respiration _______ or stops
slows
Narcolepsy- disorder that involves frequent, intense episodes of sleep occurring during wake __________
hours
Cataplexy- sudden loss of ____________ tone without loss of consciousness
muscle
The type pf rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior every six hours is called a _____________ ______________
ultradian rhythm
True/False: Nocturnal animals are usually asleep during the night time and active during the day.
False
The term free-running in relation to biological rhythms refers to a rhythm behavior shown by an animal deprived of ______________ cue about time of day
external
Sleep paralysis is likely caused by a malfunction in/of the pontine system that _____________ motoneurons
suppresses
The brain structure that receives visual information and is entrained to the day/night cycle is the ____________________________ nucleus. This is considered the location of our biological clock.
suprachiasmatic
True/False: The usual duration of the typical human sleep cycle is 45-50 minutes
False
Dreaming is seen to occur during _________
REM
Kathryn just celebrated her 100th birthday. She most likely has a routinely problem with __________ ____________, but once asleep she stay asleep until morning
falling asleep
Electrical stimulation of the reticular formation leads to immediate _______________
awakening
Reasons for why humans sleep are: sleep conserves energy, sleep restores the body and brain and sleep may aid ____________ consolidation
memory
