Ch.12 The Eukaryotes

Question 1

Fungi:
~ — is the study of fungi
~ —: decompose organic matter
~— or ——

Answer 1

1. Mycology
2. Chemoheterotrophs
3. Aerobic or facultative anaerobe

Question 2

Vegetative Structures:
~ Molds and fleshy fungi
* The fungal —(body) consists of a — filaments; a mass of hyphae is a —
* ——: contains cross-walls
* ——: do not contain septa
* Vegetative hyphae obtain — while aerial hyphae are involved with —

Answer 2

1. Thallus, Hyphae, Mycelium
2. Septa the Hyphae
3. Coenocytic Hyphae
4. Nutrients, Reproduction

Question 3

Vegetative Structures:
~ Yeasts
* — and —
* —— divide unevenly
* —— divide evenly

Answer 3

1. Non Filamentous & Unicellular
2. Budding Yeasts
3. Fission Yeasts

Question 4

Vegetative Structures:
~ Dimorphic Fungi: yeastlike at — C and moldlike at —C

Answer 4

1. 37 C
2. 25 C

Question 5

Life Cycle:
~ Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually via the formation of — that detach from the parent and — into a new mold

Answer 5

1. Spores
2. Germinate

Question 6

Life Cycle:
~ Asexual Spores
* Produce via — and —; formed by the — of one organism

Answer 6

1. Mitosis, Cell Division
2. Hyphae

Question 7

Conidiophore: — enclosed in a —

Answer 7

1. Not
2. Sac

Question 8

Arthroconidia: — of ——

Answer 8

1. Fragmentation
2. Septate Hyphae

Question 9

Blastoconidia: — of the ——

Answer 9

1. Buds
2. Parent Cell

Question 10

Chlamydoconidium: — within a — segment

Answer 10

1. Spore
2. Hyphal

Question 11

Sporangiospore: — in a —

Answer 11

1. Enclosed
2. Sac

Question 12

Life Cycle:
~Sexual Spores: fusion of — from two ———

Answer 12

1. Nuclei
2. Opposite mating strains

Question 13

Three Phases of Sexual Reproductions:
~ Plasmogamy: — do not cell nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell (-)
~ Karyogamy: + and - nuclei fuse and form ——
~ Meiosis: — nucleus produces — nuclei (sexual spores)

Answer 13

1. Haploid
2. Diploid Zygote
3. Diploid, Haploid

Question 14

Nutritional Adaptations:
~ Grow better at pH of —
~ Grow in high — and — concentration; resistant to ——
~ Can grow in low — content
~ Can metabolize ——

Answer 14

1. 5
2. Sugar & Salt, Osmotic Pressure
3. Moisture
4. Complex Carbohydrates

Question 15

Medically Important Fungi:
1. —
2. —
3. —
4. —

Answer 15

1. Zygomycota
2. Microsporangia
3. Ascomycota
4. Basidiomycota

Question 16

Zygomycota:
~ — fungi
~ — hyphae
~ Produced asexually: —
~ Produced sexually: —
*Forms when nuclei of ——— fuse

Answer 16

1. Conjugation
2. Coenocytic
3. Sporangiospore
4. Zygospore
5. Two Similar Cells

Question 17

Ascomycota:
~— fungi; ——
~ Teleomorphic Fungi: Produce — & — spores
~ Some are anamorphic: lost ability to ——
~ Produced asexually: —
~ Produced sexually: —
* Nucleic morphological similar or dissimilar fuse in a saclike —

Answer 17

1. Sac, Septate Hyphae
2. Sexual & Asexual
3. Sexually Reproduce
4. Conidiophore
5. Ascospore
6. Ascus

Question 18

Basidiomycota:
~ — fungi; ——
~ Produced asexually: —
~Produced sexually: —
*Formed externally on a base pedestal called a —

Answer 18

1. Club, Septate Hyphae
2. Conidiophores
3. Basidiospores
4. Basidium

Question 19

Mycosis: ——

Answer 19

Fungal infection

Question 20

Systematic mycoses: — within the body

Answer 20

Deep

Question 21

Subcutaneous mycoses: — the —

Answer 21

Beneath the skin

Question 22

Cutaneous Mycoses: affect —,—, and —

Answer 22

Hair, Skin, and Nails

Question 23

Superficial Mycoses: —

Answer 23

Localized

Question 24

Opportunistic Mycoses: fungi harmless in — habitat but pathogenic in a ——

Answer 24

1. Normal
2. Compromised Host

Question 25

Lichens: ~ — combination of a green alga (or Cyanobacteria) and fungus

Answer 25

Mutualistic

Question 26

Lichens: ~ Alga produces and secretes —; fungus provides —

Answer 26

1. Carbohydrates 2. Holdfast

Question 27

Alga: ~ Not a — group ~ Unicellular or Filamentous — ~ Lack —,—, and — ~ Mostly aquatic * Water is necessary for — and —

Answer 27

1. Taxonomic 2. Photoautotrophs 3. Roots, stems, and leaves 4. Growth & Reproduction

Question 28

Characteristic of Algae: ~ All reproduce — ~ Multicellular algae can — or reproduce — via — of —

Answer 28

1. Sexually 2. Fragment, Sexually, Alteration of Generations

Question 29

Selected Phyla of Algae ~ Brown Algae (Kelp) * — and —— cell walls * — and — * Produce —, — used in foods

Answer 29

1. Cellulose and Alginic Acid 2. Multicellular and Macroscopic 3. Align, Thickner

Question 30

Selected Phyla of Algae: ~ Red Algae * Have branched — * Most are — * Harvested for — and — * Some produce a ——

Answer 30

1. Thalli 2. Multicellular 3. Agar & Carrageenan 4. Lethal Toxin

Question 31

Selected Phyla of Algae: ~ Green Algae * — cell walls * — or — * —— and — * —— * Gave rise ——

Answer 31

1. Cellulose 2. Unicellular or Multicellular 3. Chlorophyll A and B 4. Store Starch 5. Terrestrial Plants

Question 32

Selected Phyla of Algae: ~Diatoms * — and — cell walls * — or — * Store — * Produce ——cause neurological disease

Answer 32

1. Pectin and Silica 2. Unicellular or Filamentous 3. Oil 4. Domoic Acid

Question 33

Selected Phyla of Algae: ~ Dinoflagellates * — in plasma membrane * — * — cause paralytic shellfish poisoning

Answer 33

1. Cellulose 2. Unicellular 3. Neurotoxins

Question 34

Selected Phyla of Algae: ~ Oomycota (water molds) * — cell walls * — * Produce — * — and plant —

Answer 34

1. Cellulose 2. Chemoheterotrophic 3. Zoospores 4. Decomposers and Plant Parasites

Question 35

Roles of Algae in Nature: ~Fix — into organic molecules ~ Produce — of Earth’s O2 ~ —— are increases in planktonic algae that can result in toxin release or die and consume oxygen ~ — production ~ — of animals

Answer 35

1. CO2 2. 80% 3. Algal Blooms 4. Oil 5. Symbionts

Question 36

Protozoa: ~ —— ~ Inhabit — and — ~ —— nutrition ~ — life cycles

Answer 36

1. Unicellular Eukaryotes 2. Water & Soil 3. Animal-like 4. Complex

Question 37

Protozoa: ~ Feeding and growing form is a —

Answer 37

Trophozite

Question 38

Protozoa: ~ Asexual reproduction is by fission, budding, or —

Answer 38

Schizogony (Multiple fission)

Question 39

Protozoa: ~ Sexual reproduction is by —

Answer 39

Conjugation

Question 40

Protozoa: ~ Some produce a — to survive adverse conditions

Answer 40

Cyst

Question 41

Characteristics of Protozoa: ~ Require a large supply of — ~ Many have an out protective pellicle, requiring specialized structures to take in food * Cilliates was cilia toward mouth like — * — phagocytize food ~ Food is digested in — and wastes eliminated through an ——

Answer 41

1. Water 2. Cytosine 3. Amebae 4. Vacuoles, Anal Pore

Question 42

Medically Important Protozoa: ~ Diplomonads: No —; multiple —

Answer 42

1. Mitochondria 2. Flagella

Question 43

Medically Important Protozoa: ~ Parabasalids: — membrane; no — stage

Answer 43

1. Undulating 2. Cyst

Question 44

Medically Important Protozoa: ~ Euglenoza * — or faculatative — * —, transmitted by bites of blood feeding insects

Answer 44

1. Photoautotrophs or Facultative Chemotrophs 2. Hemoflagellates

Question 45

Amebae: ~ Move by extending —

Answer 45

Pseudopods

Question 46

Amebae: ~ —— causes amebic dysentery

Answer 46

Entamoeba Histolytica

Question 47

Amebae: ~ —, infects corneas and causes blindness

Answer 47

Acanthamoeba

Question 48

Amebae: ~ —, granulomatous amebic encephalitis

Answer 48

Balamuthia

Question 49

Apicomplexa: ~ ——, — intracellular parasites, — life cycles ~ ——, transmitted by cats; causes fetal infections ~ —, transmitted via feces; causes waterborne illness

Answer 49

1. Nonmotile, Obligate, Complex 2. Toxoplasma Gondii 3. Cryptosporidium

Question 50

Apicomplexa: ~ — causes malaria * Sexually reproduces in the — mosquito * A mosquito injects a — into its bite, and the sporozoite undergoes schizogony in the liver;— are produced * Merozoites infect red blood cells, forming a —— inside the cell * Red blood cells rupture, and merozoites infect new red blood cells

Answer 50

1. Plasmodium 2. Anopheles 3. Sporozoite 4. Merozoites 5. Ring Stage

Question 51

Ciliates: ~ Move by cilia arranged in —- ~ —— is the only human parasite; causes dysentery

Answer 51

1. Precise Rows 2. Balantidium Coli

Question 52

Slime Molds: ~ Cellular Slime Molds * Resemble — * Ingest fungi and bacteria by — * Cells aggregate to form — and —— that differentiate into spores

Answer 52

1. Ameba 2. Phagocytosis 3. Stalks and Spore Caps

Question 53

Slime Molds; ~ Plasmodial Slime Molds: mass of — with multiple —; moves as a — ameba

Answer 53

1. Protoplasm 2. Nuclei 3. Giant

Question 54

Slime Molds: ~ Cytoplasmic Streaming: protoplasm moves and changes speed and direction to distribute — and —

Answer 54

Oxygen and Nutrients